Bloomabrahamsen8581

Bee reservoirs can be effective in agricultural and habitat restoration projects, but the relative attractiveness of plants is not fully understood. CID-1067700 To improve plant selection with better knowledge of spatial, temporal, and competition aspects, we tested up to 90 plant subjects from 2012 to 2015 at four sites in Maine. We recognized Apis mellifera L., Bombus ternarius Say, 1837, 'Most Bombus' (except B. ternarius), 'Halictidae' and 'Other Bees' (collectively the so-called 'bee groups') on open flowers in three 1-min periods per site and day, with numerous repeated observations per plant taxon. In 14,311 observations, we recorded 17,792 bees in 61 species. Most-visited plants included Asclepias tuberosa, Borago officinalis, Clethra alnifolia cv. Hummingbird (especially by A. mellifera), Melilotus officinalis, Origanum vulgare, Rosa palustris (especially before 1400 hours), Spiraea alba var. latifolia, and taxa in the family Asteraceae. Early-flowering shrubs were visited, especially by 'Other Bees'. Bee groups each ranked plants uniquely, with some overlap, and differed in most-visited of six plant taxa that we had included in all 4 yr and sites. For 'All Bees' among 84 plant taxa, the most-visited plants were M. officinalis (June), A. tuberosa (July), and C. alnifolia (August). Indicator Species Analysis revealed low bee fidelity to host plants for all but a few plant taxa. Apis mellifera differed from native bees in plants it visited intensively, with some overlap (e.g., A. tuberosa), and was associated with increased visitation on seven plant taxa by 'Most Bombus' and B. ternarius. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.Moral rights feature prominently and are relied on substantially in debates in bioethics. Conceptually, however, duties can perform the logical work of rights, but not vice versa, and reference to rights is therefore inessential. Normatively, rights, like duties, depend on more basic moral values or principles, and attempts to establish the logical priority of rights over duties or the reverse are misguided. In practical decision making, however, an analysis in terms of duties is more fruitful than one based on rights. A right may function as a proxy term for a consequentialist rule, or for a deontological constraint, but does not thereby enrich these concepts. Rights may also help in a purely expressive sense and may assist an initial focusing on a moral conflict. However, their role in bioethics discourse is more one of convenience than of necessity. Moreover, unless rights are firmly founded on fundamental moral values, their use encourages rhetoric rather than argument. © The Author 2020. Published by Oxford University Press, on behalf of the Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Inc. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.BACKGROUND We examined the association between improved mobility and distal health outcomes in older adults using secondary analysis of data from a cluster-randomized controlled group exercise trial. METHODS Participants were 303 men and women aged ≥65 years in 32 independent living facilities, senior apartments, and community centers who participated in 12-week group exercise interventions. Included were those who completed ≥1 follow up phone call regarding outcomes assessment in the following year. Gait speed and six-minute walk distance (6MWD) were assessed at baseline and immediately after 12-week interventions to determine mobility performance change status. Falls, emergency department (ED) visits, and hospitalizations were assessed monthly for 12 months following the end of interventions via interactive voice response phone calls. Incident rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated to quantify incidence of adverse outcomes with respect to mobility performance change. RESULTS Each 0.05 m/s increase in gait speed resulted in an 11% reduction in falls [IRR=0.89 (95% CI, 0.84-0.94); p less then 0.0001]; a similar decrease was seen for each 20m increase in 6MWD [IRR=0.89 (95% CI, 0.83-0.93); p=0.0003]. Those who improved gait speed had 61 falls per 1000 person-months versus 135 in those who had no change/a decline. Those who improved 6MWD had 67 falls per 1000 person-months versus 110 per 1000 person-months in those who had no change/a decline. Differences in ED visits and hospitalizations were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Improvements in mobility performance are associated with lower incidence of future falls. Given the exploratory nature of the findings, further investigation is warranted. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging coronavirus that has resulted in nearly 1,000,000 laboratory-confirmed cases including over 50,000 deaths. Although SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV share a number of common clinical manifestations, SARS-CoV-2 appears to be highly efficient in person-to-person transmission and frequently cause asymptomatic infections. However, the underlying mechanism that confers these viral characteristics on high transmissibility and asymptomatic infection remain incompletely understood. METHODS We comprehensively investigated the replication, cell tropism, and immune activation profile of SARS-CoV-2 infection in human lung tissues with SARS-CoV included as a comparison. RESULTS SARS-CoV-2 infected and replicated in human lung tissues more efficiently than that of SARS-CoV. Within the 48-hour interval, SARS-CoV-2 generated 3.20 folds more infectious virus particles than that of SARS-CoV from the infected lung tissues (P less then 0.024). SARS-CoVjournals.permissions@oup.com.Although constitutive overexpression of a particular acid phosphatase (APase) could increase extracellular Po utilization, negative effects were frequently observed in the transgenic plants under Pi sufficient condition. In this study, the purple acid phosphatase 10c (OsPAP10c) was identified to be a novel major APase that exhibited both root surface associated and secreted APase activities in rice. Two constructs were used to generate the OsPAP10c overexpression plants, by driving the OsPAP10c coding sequence with ubiquitin promoter (UP) or the OsPAP10c-native promoter (NP), respectively. Compared with the UP transgenic plants, lower OsPAP10c expression level and APase activity were observed in the NP transgenic plants. However, the UP and NP plants showed a similar extracellular ATP degradation ability and promoted root growth. Moreover, the growth performance and yield of the NP transgenic plants were better than the WT and UP transgenic plants in both the hydroponic and field experiments irrespective of the Pi supply level.