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5% and 6.6%, respectively among subjects with snoring and as, 5.7%, 15.5% and 4.9%, respectively among those without. The average level of TC of people easy to wake at night was 4.74 mmol/L, higher than that of those without (4.66 mmol/L). The prevalence of high TC among those waking at night was 7.5%, higher than that of those without (5.8%). After controlling potential confounding factors as age, sex, smoking, overweight and obesity, snoring was significantly positively correlated to the levels of TC, TG and LDL-C (P less then 0.05) and presenting as risk factor for dyslipidemia, with OR=1.248 (P less then 0.05). Conclusion Sleep-related problems appeared serious, with snoring and waking at night the main ones among adults in Beijing. Snoring was significantly positively correlated with the levels of TC, TG and LDL-C and served an independent risk factor for dyslipidemia.Objective To understand the sleep status and related influencing factors among 18-59 years old employed floating population and to provide evidence for policy development. Methods Data were gathered from the Chinese Floating Population Chronic Disease Surveillance (2012) program. Floating population were selected through multistage clustering sampling method and stratified by industries from China. Information on demographics, behavior-related risk factors, sleep duration and social pressure etc., were collected through face-to-face interview on questionnaires. After complex weighting of data, multivariable logistic regression method was used to explore the sleep status and related influencing factors among these employed floating people. Results A total of 43 521 subjects were included in the study. The average sleep duration per day was 7.77 h, with females (7.87 h) higher than males (7.69 h). The prevalence of insufficient sleep was 12.3% (95%CI 11.8%-12.7%), with 45-59 years old group (21.2%) higher than that of the 18-year olds (11.2%). Results from the multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that factors as gender, age, marital status, education, occupation, inflowing area, behavior-related risk factors, BMI, social pressure, self-rated health status and self-reported chronic diseases were the main factors that affecting the rates of sleep deficiency in this population. The prevalence rate of insufficient sleep was 1.18 times higher (95%CI 1.07-1.31) in males than that in females, and 1.22 (95%CI 1.11-1.33) times higher in smokers than that in the non-smokers, 1.31(95%CI 1.16-1.49) times higher in excessive drinkers than that of the normal population, 1.46 (95%CI 1.29-1.65) times and 1.33 (95%CI 1.18-1.50) times in those with heavier workload and stress than those without. Conclusion The prevalence of insufficient sleep among the employed floating population was affected by multiple factors that called for more attention by different departments of the government.Sleep is an important physiological activity. With the changing life style in this modern world, the average duration of sleep in human beings is decreasing, and the prevalence of sleep disorder or insomnia is increasing. Short duration and disorders of sleep or insomnia may often lead to increased prevalence/incidence of major chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity and dyslipidemia. Currently, chronic diseases have become the main causes of death and with high disease burden among the Chinese. In the Healthy China Initiative (2019-2030), prevention and control of chronic diseases including "moving forward" , "slowing down the upward trend of the prevalence of insomnia" as the expected indices and "extending the sleep duration of adults to 7-8 hours a day" as the advocacy index, were all called for. In this group of articles, basic data for sleep status of adults in different regions of the country was provided to help understand the relations between sleep and major chronic diseases, and strategies related to prevention and control of chronic diseases.Genetic variation is used as instrumental variable to investigate the causal relationship between exposure and outcome, which can avoid issues of confounding and reserve causation regarding Mendelian randomization studies. However, the instrumental variables in Mendelian randomization studies must satisfy three core assumptions-the relevance assumption, the independence assumption, and the exclusion restriction assumption. NSC 641530 In addition to the plausibility of core assumptions, the application of Mendelian randomization studies in causal inference is also subject to other limitations. Findings from the Mendelian randomization studies should be interpreted in the context of existing evidence from other sources. In this article we provide an overview of the assumptions, limitations, and interpretation on causal inference that related to Mendelian randomization studies that can be applied in studies of the same kind.Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 monitoring cases in Yinzhou district based on health big data platform to provide evidence for the construction of COVID-19 monitoring system. Methods Data on Yinzhou COVID-19 daily surveillance were collected. Information on patients' population classification, epidemiological history, COVID-19 nucleic acid detection rate, positive detection rate and confirmed cases monitoring detection rate were analyzed. Results Among the 1 595 COVID-19 monitoring cases, 79.94% were community population and 20.06% were key population. The verification rate of monitoring cases was 100.00%. The total percentage of epidemiological history related to Wuhan city or Hubei province was 6.27% in total, and was 2.12% in community population and 22.81% in key population (P0.05). Conclusions The monitoring system of COVID-19 based on the health big data platform was working well but the confirmed cases monitoring detection rate need to be improved.Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and transmission chain of COVID-19 in two families, and to provide scientific evidence for effective prevention and control measures. Methods Field epidemiological investigation was conducted for the COVID-19 cases occurred in two families and the close contacts in a county of Baotou city in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Descriptive statistical analysis on epidemiological data was conducted. Results The infection source of the COVID-19 cases in the two families was a man who had living history in Wuhan. After his return, his parents were infected by him. A few days later, the members of a neighbor family were found to be infected, and relatives of this family were also infected after dining together repeatedly. Finally, ten confirmed cases and three suspected cases of COVID-19 were detected in the two families. Conclusions Human-to-human transmission of COVID-19 can occur not only in a family but also in neighborhoods. The cases in two families had close relationship, indicating the necessity to strengthen the health education about COVID-19 prevention and control and the management of groups at high risk to reduce the incidence of COVID-19 in families and neighborhoods.