Hullkeller3002

9%), and the presence of caliectasis had the highest specificity (90.6%) for adverse outcome. Conclusion Resolution of hydronephrosis took place in the majority of cases, and there was an adverse outcome in only one-third of them. Renal caliectasis was the best marker for the prediction of adverse outcome.Objectives To find out the relative prevalence of fetal neural tube defect (NTD) and its outcome in terms of survival at birth and beyond 2 years of age. Methods A 10-year prospective (2008-2018) observational study was performed, which included all prenatally detected fetal NTD. Two-year follow-up was done in cases of pregnancies resulting in live birth, in terms of their survival, physical morbidity and developmental delay. Results NTD was seen in 401/648 (62%) cases among the central nervous system malformations. More than half of the cases (54.1%) presented after 20 weeks of gestation, and 42.8% of the mothers were primiparous. Spina bifida was seen in 206 cases, anencephaly in 144, encephalocele in 43, whereas iniencephaly was seen in only eight cases. Associated anomalies were present in 51.2%. Only 19.0% cases were live-born, and merely 11% were alive beyond 2 years of age. Among types of spina bifida, lumbosacral meningomyocele was the most common (41.6%), whereas thoracic was the rarest (8.7%). After 2 years, physical disability was observed in more than half of the cases who survived. Conclusions NTD is one of the commonest malformations with high mortality, and the physical and mental sub-normality is high among those who survive.Introduction Recurrent pregnancy losses (RPLs) are seen in up to 15-20% of all clinically recognized pregnancies, 1-2% of women in general population. Repeated losses are seen in 5-10% of women. The prevalence of chromosomal rearrangements is 6.65% in couples with repeated pregnancy losses. Two to 4% of RPL are associated with parental balanced reciprocal and Robertsonian translocations. Materials and methods The study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi, and in total, 204 couples with RPL enrolled in the study. Results In total, 4490 couples presented to the obstetric clinic, of which 204 (4.5%) couples had repeated pregnancy losses. Cytogenetic analysis was done in 198 couples. Out of total 198 patients, 14 patients (7.1%) had cytogenetic alterations. Most common aberrations observed were structural rearrangements, of which reciprocal translocations were more common. In our study cohort, all the couples had maternal age of ≤ 35 years and all the alterations were seen either in mother or in both parents. Discussion Our study highlights that cytogenetic alterations not only are common in first trimester miscarriages, but are an important event in miscarriages presenting at later period of gestation and in young mothers as well.The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and metabolic syndrome is spreading like a pandemic globally; postmenopausal women are particularly vulnerable population. Hypovitaminosis D is reported to predispose to various components of metabolic syndrome like dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes and obesity. The purpose of this review is to highlight the recently published evidence, evaluating the association of vitamin D deficiency with metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women. Besides, it emphasizes the long-term risks involved with low vitamin D levels and importance of vitamin D supplementation. Data were obtained from PubMed, Google Scholar and individual searches.Infection of a cyst within an autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a serious complication. Diagnosis with conventional imaging techniques such as ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging can be sometimes challenging. The definite diagnosis is analysis of the cyst fluid, but cyst punctures can cause bleeding, rupture, and contamination of adjacent cysts. Recently, FDG PET/CT has been reported as a sensitive tool for detection of cyst infection. We describe a case of 63-year-old woman with infected cysts in the left kidney, in whom accurate diagnosis was made on FDG PET/CT. FDG PET/CT is an important investigation in patients with fever of uncertain etiology, where renal cyst infection is a possible cause, but other etiologies also need to be ruled out.Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) or Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome is a rare condition which can result in significant systemic and hepatobiliary abnormalities. Liver involvement in HHT consists primarily of the consequence of various intrahepatic shunts. Even though these vascular shunts are present in the majority of patients with HHT, symptoms occur only in minority with clear predilection to female gender. The symptoms and imaging findings of liver vascular malformations can be easily overlooked or misdiagnosed which can result in delay in treatment or potentially harmful vascular interventions. In this case report, we discuss the pathophysiology of HHT in liver involvement, role of imaging in diagnosis, and the possible role of interventional radiologist in the treatment.Intussusception is commonly associated with celiac disease in adults. However, it is rarely reported in children in radiology journals. Here, we report a case of a 3-year-old girl with celiac disease presented with complaints of intermittent abdominal pain, distension, and vomiting for 6 months. The patient was underweight (8.6 kg). Her X-ray of the abdomen standing revealed abnormal air-fluid levels and ultrasound of the abdomen revealed single small bowel intussusception. Contrast-enhanced CT abdomen done before planning surgery and it revealed five small bowel intussusceptions with few dilated small bowel loops. Her IgA antibodies to tissue transglutaminase were done to look for the cause of failure to thrive and its titer raised significantly. Gluten-free diet was started for her and symptoms were resolved within 7 days without surgical management.Intralenticular abscess is a very rare entity that occurs after trauma, cataract surgeries, or as metastatic infection. Motolimod It is important to pinpoint this sequestrated infection and to evacuate the abscess surgically to prevent chronic endophthalmitis. In this report, we describe a case of posttraumatic lenticular abscess highlighting the characteristic clinical features and their management. Additionally, here we report the first time use of Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography as a diagnostic tool in delineating lens abscess from traumatic cataract which further guide the management and prognosis of the case. Traumatic intralenticular abscess (TILA)-What is so different?