Zachopoole2110

The article reviews literature covering the etiopathogenesis and risk factors for the development of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Currently, this problem is one of the most complex and controversial in ophthalmology. The review considers the main theories vascular, mechanical (retentional, hydromechanical), dystrophic (theory of primary scleropathy), metabolic, concept of liquor hypertension, concept of the individual norm of intraocular pressure, as well as POAG risk factors.Purpose To assess the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer and its morphometric parameters using optical coherent tomography in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Material and methods The study included 105 patients, among which 45 were with AD and 60 patients without AD (control group). Visual acuity of each eye was measured using Snellen chart, intraocular pressure according to Goldman, and cognitive state on the MMSE scale. All patients underwent optical coherence tomography. Results The average thickness of the nerve fibers of the retina in patients with AD was lower by 27.0%, in the temporal, upper and lower quadrants - by 24.0, 17.9 and 24.9%, respectively. The thickness in the nasal quadrant with AD was reduced by 15.4%. Excavation to diameter ratio, as well as vertical and horizontal excavation to diameter ratios on average exceeded the benchmark by 12.5%, 23.4% and 30.8% (p less then 0.05), respectively. There was a decrease in the size of the area of the neuroretinal belt and the area of the disk by an average of 28.5% (p less then 0.05) and 8.8%, respectively. The average thickness, the thickness in the upper and lower segments of the ganglion cell complex is reduced, the indices of focal and global loss of the volume of retinal ganglion cells complex are increased respectively by 1.7 (p less then 0.05) and 2.8 times (p less then 0.01). Conclusion In patients with moderate AD, the thickness of retinal nerve fibers (RNFL) in the temporal, upper, and lower segments decreases significantly (p less then 0.001); a statistically significant (p less then 0.05) increase in the excavation to diameter ratio of the optic nerve head and a decrease in the area of the neuroretinal belt is observed; the increase in the indices of focal and global loss of the volume of ganglion cells complex is statistically significant (p less then 0.01).Purpose To evaluate the efficiency of modified crosslinking (M-CXL) in the treatment of purulent keratitis (PK) and corneal ulcers, including ulcers of mixed etiology. Material and methods M-CXL method involves simultaneous performance of CXL and frequent instillations of anti-infective agents (one drop every 5 minutes for 1 hour). The study included 39 patients (41 eyes) with purulent corneal ulcers (PCU) of various origin. The main group consisted of 26 patients (27 eyes) who were treated with M-CXL in combination with active conservative therapy. In the control group (13 patients, 14 eyes) only active conservative management was used. Results Complete suppression of the purulent process in the main group was achieved in 21 (77.8%) eyes after 32.6±10.66 days, in the control group - in 9 (64.3%) eyes in 52.4±16.6 days. Complete suppression of purulent keratitis was achieved in 100% of cases with bacterial keratitis, 83% of cases with fungal keratitis and 70.5% of cases with mixed keratitis. When purulent infiltration occupied the entire depth of the stroma but was limited in area (less than 6 mm), the efficiency of M-CXL decreased to 66.6%. The clinical effect of M-CXL was absent or insufficient when PK extended to the Descemet's membrane with an area of more than 7 mm. Conclusion In 77.8% of cases, modified crosslinking has showed pronounced therapeutic effect - complete arrest of purulent corneal infiltration. Recovery time in the main group was 1.6 times shorter than in the control group (p less then 0.05). Resorption of the purulent infiltration occupying all layers of the stroma up to the Descemet's membrane with extensive areas was not achieved, however the corneal melting and keratitis progression were stopped, which allowed planned therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty with a graft of smaller diameter to be performed.Purpose To study the effect of insulin therapy on the concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) in the intraocular fluid of rats with alloxan model of diabetes mellitus. Material and methods The experiment was conducted on 80 mongrel rats. In 65 rats, the alloxan model of diabetes mellitus was simulated by a single intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg alloxan hydrate saluted in 0.4 ml of citrate buffer. 72 hours after intraperitoneal administration of alloxan monohydrate, these animals were divided into 2 groups. The main group (group 1) consisted of animals with alloxan model of diabetes mellitus, who started daily single intraperitoneal administration of prolonged-acting insulin at a therapeutic dose of 0.9 U/kg Body weight. learn more The comparison group (group 2) consisted of animals with alloxan model of diabetes mellitus who did not receive specific therapy. 15 healthy rats constituted the control group (group 3). Experimental animals were removed from the study on day 31 of insulin therapy. The concentration of VEGF-A was determined in 80-90 μl of intraocular fluid collected from both eyes of each animal. Results In the main group, the median of VEGF-A concentration [25th; 75th percentiles] in the intraocular fluid was 140 [136; 210] pg/ml, which is 1.94 times higher than in the comparison group (72 [58; 86] pg/ml) and 1.84 times higher than in the control group (76 [62.5; 88] pg/ml). The concentration of VEGF-A in the intraocular fluid in the main group was statistically significantly higher, as compared with the comparison group (pm-u less then 0.0004), and compared with the control group (pm-u=0.0045). The comparison group had no statistically significant differences when compared with the control group (pm-u=0.9979). Conclusion Insulin therapy for 31 days increases the concentration of VEGF-A in the intraocular fluid of rats with alloxan model of diabetes mellitus.Purpose To determine the informative value of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) with A-scan for assessment of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of eyelid tumors less than 5 mm in size. Material and methods The study included 25 patients (25 eyes) with eyelid tumors less than 5 mm in size. In addition to standard ophthalmic examination, complex ultrasound diagnostics including B-scan, Color Doppler imaging and UBM with A-scan were performed. The localization, size, structure of eyelid tumors and the state of perifocal tissues were evaluated. All patients underwent surgical treatment with following histological examinations of dissected tissues. Due to qualitative analysis of the studied formations and small number of included patients, there was no need in statistical analysis of the data. Results Complex application of UBM and A-scan allowed specifying the localization, size, structure of the small-sized tumors and detecting typical echographic signs of benign or malignant properties of the pathological process.