Wademccormick6710

The proliferation of digital textual archives in the transportation safety domain makes it imperative for the inventions of efficient ways of extracting information from the textual data sources. The present study aims at utilizing crash narratives complemented by crash metadata to discern the prevalence and co-occurrence of themes that contribute to crash incidents. read more Ten years (2009-2018) of Michigan traffic fatal crash narratives were used as a case study. The structural topic modeling (STM) and network topology analysis were used to generate and examine the prevalence and interaction of themes from the crash narratives that were mainly categorized into pre-crash events, crash locations and involved parties in the traffic crashes. The main advantage of the STM over the other topic modeling approaches is that it allows the researchers to discover themes from documents and estimate how the topic relates to the document metadata. Topics with the highest prevalence for the angle, head-on, rear-end, sideswipe and single motor vehicle crashes were crash at stop-sign, crossing the centerline, unable to stop, lane change maneuver and run-off-road crash, respectively. Eigenvector centrality measure in network topology showed that event-related topics were consistently central in articulating the crash occurrence. The centrality and association between topics varied across crash types. The efficacy of generated topics in classifying crashes by type was tested using a machine learning algorithm, Random Forest. The classification accuracy in the held-out sample ranged between 89.3 % for sideswipe crashes to 99.2 % for single motor vehicle crashes. High classification accuracy suggests that automation of crash typing and consistency checks can be accomplished effectively by using extracted latent themes from the crash narratives.

To examine associations between high blood pressure (BP) when entering antenatal care (ANC) and birth outcomes in a cohort of pregnant HIV- and women living with HIV (WLHIV) initiating antiretroviral treatment (ART).

Prospective cohort study.

Cesarean delivery, preterm birth (<37weeks' gestation), low birthweight (LBW, <2500g), small-for-gestational age (SGA, <10th percentile), and large-for-gestational age (LGA, >10th percentile for GA).

Of 1116 women (median GA 20weeks; WLHIV 53%), 48% (53% WLHIV; 43% HIV-) entered ANC with high BP, defined as elevated (120-129 or<80mmHg), stage 1 (>130-139 or 80-89) or stage 2 hypertension (≥140 / or≥90). WLHIV were more likely to have high BP (RR 1.32; 95%CI 1.12-1.57), controlling for pre-pregnancy body mass index and additional confounders. In multivariable analysis, there was no evidence that high BP increased the risk of cesarean delivery (RR 1.10, 95% CI 0.92-1.30), preterm birth (RR 1.15, 95% CI 0.81-1.62), LBW (RR 1.16, 95% CI 0.84-1.60) or SGA (RR 1.02, 0.72-1.44), overall or when stratified by HIV-status. High BP was associated with an increased risk of LGA (RR 1.43; 95% CI 1.00-2.03).

In this setting, half of women had high BP at entry into ANC, with WLHIV at increased risk of high BP. There was no strong evidence that high BP increased the risk of adverse birth outcomes overall, or by HIV-status, with the exception of LGA. WLHIV may be at high risk of high BP during pregnancy and should be monitored closely.

In this setting, half of women had high BP at entry into ANC, with WLHIV at increased risk of high BP. There was no strong evidence that high BP increased the risk of adverse birth outcomes overall, or by HIV-status, with the exception of LGA. WLHIV may be at high risk of high BP during pregnancy and should be monitored closely.

The relationships of Arsenic (As) and selenium (Se) to Alzheimer's Disease (AD) are not clearly known. This case-control observational study aims to investigate the possible relationship of these elements to the diagnosis and pathophysiology of the disease.

This case-control observational study was performed using 40 AD patients in different clinical stages and 40 healthy control subjects, living in a similar environment with low As exposure. The levels of As and Se in nail and hair were measured with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. The results were analysed with regards to clinical condition, age, disease duration, sex, education, living environment, and the relationship of the two elements using Mann Whitney U test and Spearman Rho or Pearson correlation tests as appropriate.

The levels of As and Se were not related to age, disease duration, sex, education, or living environment in the study groups (p > 0.05). The levels of As and Se in hair and nail samples of all patients and patiencluding genetic analyses and analysis of different chemical forms of these elements.

Interaction between metals is known from earlier studies, in which one metal influences the absorption and functional role of other. Lead is known to cause debilitating effects in living organisms and also prevents several essential trace metals from functioning normally.

The relevant literature using the key words lead toxicity, lead zinc interaction, zinc nutrition and the ability of zinc to act against lead has been reviewed.

Role of several nutrients in reducing the manifestations of toxic metals have been elucidated recently. Lead damages bio-membranes, causes cognitive disabilities and disturbs the normal process of DNA replication and transcription. Zinc on the other hand helps in proper maintenance of the cellular membranes and plays an important role as a metal cofactor in most of the proteins vital for membrane integrity. Zinc has essential role in cognitive functioning, zinc finger proteins and significantly neutralizes most toxic effects of lead.

Increased lead exposure and limited resources for tackling lead poisoning may cause an increased possibility of future environmental emergencies. Interactions between essential nutrient metals and non-essential toxic metals may act as important factor which can be used to target the metal toxicities. An assumption is made that the lead toxicity can be reduced by maintaining the status of essential trace metals like zinc.

Increased lead exposure and limited resources for tackling lead poisoning may cause an increased possibility of future environmental emergencies. Interactions between essential nutrient metals and non-essential toxic metals may act as important factor which can be used to target the metal toxicities. An assumption is made that the lead toxicity can be reduced by maintaining the status of essential trace metals like zinc.