Gaardesaleh3483

Treatment of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) requires preintervention titration of alpha- and beta-adrenergic blockade, but patients may still be at risk for complications from catecholamine excess. Metyrosine decreases catecholamine production, making it an attractive therapeutic adjunct for select patients.

A systematic literature review was performed (Ovid Medline and Scopus databases) on December 17, 2019, including studies with humans and original data. Studies with 10 or more patients on metyrosine for PPGL were included. Studies were screened for overlapping populations, and the most comprehensive study was included. The references of included studies were reviewed for additional data. Patient data from our institution between 2000 and 2015 were also reviewed.

Metyrosine is well tolerated when used for a short course and can improve intraoperative outcomes in PPGL. Metyrosine should be considered when a difficult PPGL resection is expected (eg, pericardiac paraganglioma, abdominal paraganglioma with great vessel involvement), a large release of catecholamines is anticipated (eg, ablative therapy, chemotherapy), or when standard alpha- and beta-adrenergic blockade are not tolerated or cannot adequately control hypertension. Side effects are generally mild and self-limited, with sedation in a majority of patients. Extrapyramidal side effects are rare but can limit use of metyrosine. Because of its expense and limited availability, metyrosine use should be carefully planned and timed in relation to surgery.

Metyrosine is a safe addition to traditional alpha- and beta-adrenergic blockade and should be considered in those patients with PPGL at high risk for acute release of catecholamines.

Metyrosine is a safe addition to traditional alpha- and beta-adrenergic blockade and should be considered in those patients with PPGL at high risk for acute release of catecholamines.

Testosterone treatment increases bone mineral density (BMD) in hypogonadal men. Effects on bone microarchitecture, a determinant of fracture risk, are unknown.

Determine the effect of testosterone treatment on bone microarchitecture using high resolution-peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT).

Men>50 years were recruited from six Australian centres.

Injectable testosterone undecanoate or placebo over 2 years on the background of a community-based lifestyle program.

Primary endpoint was cortical volumetric BMD (vBMD) at the distal tibia, measured using HR-pQCT in 177 men (one centre). Secondary endpoints included other HR-pQCT parameters and bone remodelling markers. Areal BMD (aBMD) was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 601 men (five centres). Using a linear mixed model for repeated measures, the mean adjusted differences (MAD) [95% CI] at 12 and 24 months between groups are reported as treatment effect.

Over 24 months, testosterone treatment, compared to placfects on cortical bone. L-Mimosine solubility dmso Implications for fracture risk reduction require further study.The deficit syndrome is thought to be a more homogenous clinical subgroup within the syndrome of schizophrenia that is characterized by enduring negative symptoms. It is hypothesized that distinct pathophysiological processes underlie the subtypes, where the deficit syndrome reflects an early onset nonprogressive developmental process, and the nondeficit form of the illness is characterized by attenuated neuroplasticity secondary to elevated glutamate levels. We used single-voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (PRESS; TE 30 ms) to measure left frontal white matter neurometabolite levels in 61 antipsychotic-naïve first-episode psychosis patients (39 who did not display deficit features, 22 who did display deficit features, assessed with the Schedule for the Deficit Syndrome) and 59 healthy controls. Metabolite levels were quantified with the LCModel. We used a MANCOVA to determine neurometabolite differences between healthy controls, deficit syndrome patients, and nondeficit patients. We report a significant group difference when all metabolites were considered jointly (F[10,208] = 2.16; P = .02). Post hoc analyses showed that patients presenting without deficit features had higher glutamate levels than patients with deficit features and controls. Patients presenting without deficit features also had significantly higher myoinositol levels than controls; myoinositol levels were trend-level higher in patients presenting with deficit features compared to controls. Our data support the idea that the pathophysiology of patients presenting without deficit features may differ from those presenting with deficit features.

During the Covid-19 pandemic fake news has been circulating impacting on the general population's opinion about a vaccine against the SARS-CoV-2. Health literacy measures the capacity of navigating health information.

We used data from a prospective national online cohort of 1647 participants. Descriptive statistics, Chi2 and ANOVA independence tests and two multivariable multinomial regression models were performed. Interactions between each variable were tested.

Detection of fake news and health literacy scores were associated with intention to get vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 (p<0.01). The risk of being "anti-vaccination" or "hesitant", rather than "pro-vaccination", was higher among individuals reporting bad detection of fake news, respectively OR=1.93 (95%CI=[1.30;2.87]) and OR=1.80 (95%CI=[1.29;2.52]). The risk of being in "hesitant", rather than "pro-vaccination" was higher among individuals having a bad health literacy score (OR=1.44; 95%CI=[1.04;2.00]). No interaction was found between detection of fake news and health literacy.

To promote acceptance of a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, it is recommended to increase individuals' ability to detect fake news and health literacy through education and communication programs.

To promote acceptance of a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, it is recommended to increase individuals' ability to detect fake news and health literacy through education and communication programs.In Arabidopsis thaliana, two genes encode the E2 subunit of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (2-OGDH), a multimeric complex composed of three subunits. To functionally characterize the isoforms of E2 subunit, we isolated Arabidopsis mutant lines for each gene encoding the E2 subunit and performed a detailed molecular and physiological characterization of the plants under controlled growth conditions. The functional lack of expression of E2 subunit isoforms of 2-OGDH increased plant growth, reduced dark respiration, and altered carbohydrate metabolism without changes in the photosynthetic rate. Interestingly, plants from e2-ogdh lines also exhibited reduced seed weight without alterations in total seed number. We additionally observed that downregulation of 2-OGDH activity led to minor changes in the levels of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates without clear correlation with the reduced expression of specific E2-OGDH isoforms. Furthermore, the e2-ogdh mutant lines exhibited a reduction by up to 25% in the leaf total amino acids without consistent changes in the amino acid profile.