Merrittriddle5868

Investigating the role of Reg3B as a protective factor in colitis, we found that Reg3B-KO mice display increased inflammation and less crypt proliferation in the DSS colitis model. Propionate decreased colitis and increased proliferation. Treatment of organoids exposed to DSS with Reg3B or propionate reversed the chemical injury with a loss of expression of the stem-cell marker Lgr5 and Olfm4. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Clostridia can regulate Reg3-associated epithelial homeostasis through propionate signaling. check details We also provide evidence that the Reg3-propionate axis may be an important mediator of gut epithelial regeneration in colitis. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email journals.permissions@oup.com.The objectives were to determine the effects of forage level and grain processing on whole-body urea kinetics, N balance, serosal-to-mucosal urea flux (Jsm-urea), and mRNA abundance of urea transporter-B (UT-B; SLC14a1) and aquaporins (AQP) in ovine ruminal, duodenal, and cecal epithelia. Thirty-two wether lambs were blocked by BW into groups of 4 and assigned to 1 of 4 diets (n = 8) in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Dietary factors were forage level (30% [LF] vs. 70% [HF]) and corn grain processing (whole-shelled [WS] vs. steam-flaked [SF]). Four blocks of lambs (n = 4) were used to determine urea kinetics and N balance using 4-d [15N15N]-urea infusions with concurrent fecal and urine collections. Lambs were killed after 23 d of dietary adaptation. Ruminal, duodenal, and cecal epithelia were collected to determine Jsm-urea and mRNA abundance of UT-B and AQP. Lambs fed LF had greater intakes of dry matter (DMI; 1.20 vs. 0.86 kg/d) and N (NI; 20.1 vs 15.0 g/d) than those fed HF (P less then 0.01). Lambs fed SF ha then 0.01) in lambs fed HF compared to LF (77.5 vs. 57.2 nmol/[cm2 × h]). Lambs fed LF had greater (P = 0.03) mRNA expression of AQP3 in ruminal epithelia and tended (P = 0.06) to have greater mRNA expression of AQP3 in duodenal epithelia compared to lambs fed HF. Expression of UT-B mRNA was unaffected by diet. Our results showed that feeding more ruminally-available energy improved N utilization, partly through a greater proportion of UER being transferred to the GIT and being used for anabolic purposes. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society of Animal Science. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.Smooth cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora, dominates salt marshes on the east coast of the United States. While the physicochemical cues affecting S. alterniflora productivity have been studied intensively, the role of plant-microbe interactions in ecosystem functioning remains poorly understood. Thus, in this study, the effects of S. alterniflora phenotype on the composition of archaeal, bacterial, diazotrophic and fungal communities were investigated. Overall, prokaryotic communities were more diverse and bacteria were more abundant in the areas colonized by the tall plant phenotype in comparison to those of short plant phenotype. Diazotrophic methanogens (Methanomicrobia) preferentially colonized the area of the short plant phenotype. Putative iron-oxidizing Zetaproteobacteria and sulfur-oxidizing Campylobacteria were identified as indicator species in the rhizosphere of tall and short plant phenotypes, respectively. Finally, while diazotrophic populations shaped microbial interactions in the areas colonized by the tall plant phenotype, fungal populations filled this role in the areas occupied by the short plant phenotype. The results here demonstrate that S. alterniflora phenotype and proximity to the root zone are selective forces dictating microbial community assembly. Results further reveal that reduction-oxidation chemistry is a major factor driving the selection of belowground microbial populations in salt marsh habitats. © FEMS 2020.AIMS Randomized trials suggest reductions in all-cause mortality and heart failure (HF) rehospitalizations with catheter ablation (CA) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and HF. Whether these results can be replicated in a real-world population with long-term follow-up or varies over time is unknown. We sought to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of CA in reducing the incidence of all-cause mortality, HF hospitalizations, stroke, and major bleeding in AF-HF patients. METHODS AND RESULTS In a cohort of patients newly diagnosed with AF-HF in Quebec, Canada (2000-2017), CA patients were matched 12 to controls on time and frequency of hospitalizations. Confounders were controlled for using inverse probability of treatment weighting. Multivariable Cox models adjusted for the presence of cardiac electronic implantable devices and medication use during follow-up, and the effect of time since CA was modelled with B-splines. For non-fatal outcomes, the Lunn-McNeil approach was used to account for the competing risk of death. Among 101 933 AF-HF patients, 451 underwent CA and were matched to 899 controls. Over a median follow-up of 3.8 years, CA was associated with a statistically significant reduction in all-cause mortality [hazard ratio 0.4 (95% confidence interval 0.2-0.7)], but no difference in stroke or major bleeding. The hazard of HF rehospitalization for CA patients, relative to non-CA patients, varied with time since CA (P = 0.01), with a reduction in HF rehospitalizations until approximately 3 years post-CA. CONCLUSION Compared with matched non-CA patients, CA was associated with a long-term reduction in all-cause mortality and a reduction in HF rehospitalizations until 3 years post-CA. Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author(s) 2020. For permissions, please email journals.permissions@oup.com.BACKGROUND AND AIMS Postoperative recurrence remains a challenging problem in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). To avoid development of short-bowel syndrome, strictureplasties techniques have therefore been proposed. We evaluated short and long-term outcomes of atypical strictureplasties in CD patients with extensive bowel involvement. METHODS Side-to-side isoperistaltic strictureplasty (SSIS) was performed according to the Michelassi technique or modification of this over the ileocecal valve (mSSIS). Ninety-day postoperative morbidity was assessed using the comprehensive complication index (CCI). Clinical recurrence was defined as symptomatic endoscopically or radiologically confirmed stricture/inflammatory lesion requiring medical treatment or surgery. Surgical recurrence was defined as the need for any surgical intervention. Endoscopic remission was defined as ≤ i1, according to the modified Rutgeerts score. Deep remission was defined as the combination of endoscopic remission and absence of clinical symptoms.