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aureus and the mechanism of bactericidal activity was confirmed by using FE-SEM. The CS/ZnO nanocomposite incorporated cotton fabrics also exhibited antibacterial activity against S. aureus, B. subtilis and E. coli. Furthermore, CS/ZnO nanocomposite acted as photocatalyst for the degradation of Congo red under sunlight irradiation. In conclusion, as-synthesized CS/ZnO nanocomposite can be used as bactericidal agent in textile industries and also as photocatalyst for dye degradation.Protein oxidation is a critical process in the deterioration and spoilage of fish and related commodities during processing and storage. In this study, the hydroxyl radical generation system (HRGS) was used to simulate the effect of oxidation on the functional, conformational and gelling properties of topmouth culter (Culter alburnus) myofibrillar proteins (MP). Additionally, the effects of oxidation on the gel-forming abilities of MP were also systematically analyzed from the perspective of intermolecular interaction forces. Oxidation was shown to decrease the total sulfhydryl content, increase the surface hydrophobicity, and induce conformational changes in MP. Rheological analysis showed that oxidation reduced the gel strength. Water holding capacity (WHC) and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) analyses showed that low oxidation could enhance water binding of protein matrix, while high-degree oxidation could substantially reduce the gelling properties of MP. The selective solubility of MP gel proved that oxidation could reduce the content of ionic and hydrogen bonds and increase hydrophobic interactions. All the results indicate that oxidation could alter the intermolecular interactions between protein-protein and protein-water molecules, due to irregular unfolding and inhibition of the cross-linking of amino acid side chains, leading to reduction in the quality and function of fish and related products.Galangal extract (GE)-based hypouricemic functional food is under-developed due to ambiguous quality control standard that is closely associated with action mechanisms and interaction of key xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors (kaempferide and galangin) in GE. In terms of kinetics analysis, fluorescence quenching and molecular docking, kaempferide and galangin showed similar docking posture to xanthine in molybdopterin center, and formed flavonol-XO complexes driven by hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction and van der Waals force, competitively inhibiting XO. check details Kaempferide, had stronger binding affinity for XO and three more hydrogen bonds with XO than galangin, interacting with critical amino acid residues (Arg880 and Glu802) in catalysis reaction of XO and showing stronger XO inhibitory activity than galangin. The combination of kaempferide and galangin enhanced their binding affinities for XO, showing synergistic inhibition on XO at optimal molar ratio 14 that could be quality control standard for GE. This study provided new insights into structure-XO inhibitory activity relationship of methoxylated flavonoids and quality control standard for GE-based hypouricemic functional food.Nature has given several unique features to one of the most abundant and inexhaustible biopolymers on the earth, i.e., cellulose. Besides, biodegradability, and cost-effectiveness, cellulose possesses attractive properties such as the ability to undergo chemical and structural modification, plus its light weight and thermal and mechanical stability. Cellulose originates from natural sources, including being significant components of plants (ca. 33%), wood (ca. 50%), and cotton (ca. 90%). It can also be synthesized and modified further into a variety of functionalized nanomaterials for diversified sectors, such as bio-medical, food, customer care, and environmental services. Considering the significant growth in product development and interdisciplinary cellulose-based research, the proposed chapter will let the reader gain knowledge about in-vitro extraction, synthesis of nanomaterials, and applications to resolve ongoing environmental challenges.Amide I and Amide III vibrational modes are frequently used to study protein secondary structure with Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. However, for protein mixtures, neither the sole Amide I nor Amide III region provides sufficient information for structural quantitation because of overlapping peaks, especially in the Amide I region. Here, an improved quantitative approach is proposed to estimate secondary structure of protein systems using resolution enhancement and curve-fitting data processing techniques on a gluten model system to investigate structure-function relationships. Twelve different scenarios were prepared to assign bands in the Amide I region. Frequency ranges of 1660-1640 cm-1 and 1665-1660 cm-1 were found to highly contribute to variability in secondary structure contents of samples. Utilization of the Amide III region as a conducive tool to assign bands in the Amide I region led to a better differentiation of some secondary structural motifs and a more accurate quantitation of protein secondary structure. The study presents an understanding of FT-IR data analysis for a quick technique to assess secondary structures of protein mixtures.This study focused on the investigation of bacterial cellulose production potency of some fruit and vegetable peels (cucumber, melon, kiwifruit, tomato, apple, quince and pomegranate) with Komagataeibacter hansenii GA2016. Fruit and vegetable peels were hydrolyzed, used for bacterial cellulose (BC) production and their chemical, physical, thermal and structural features were compared to BC from Hestrin-Schramm medium (HSBC) and plant cellulose (CP). Except for pomegranate peel hydrolysate, all the fruit and vegetable peel hydrolysates supplied to K. hansenii GA2016 supported the BC production. Among the fruit and vegetable peel hydrolysates, the highest BC production was observed in kiwifruit peel hydrolysate (11.53%), while the lowest production was observed in apple peel hydrolysate (1.54%). Water-holding capacities of the BCs were ranged from 627.50% to 928.79% and higher than HSBC (609.30%), average fiber diameters were ranged from 47.64 nm to 61.11 nm and thinner than HSBC (74.29) and CP (10,420 nm), crystallinities were ranged from 80.