Adcockmcbride5460

The authors declare they have no actual or potential competing financial interests.

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Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being proposed for use in medicine, including breast cancer screening (BCS). Little is known, however, about referring primary care providers' (PCPs') preferences for this technology.

We identified the most important attributes of AI BCS for ordering PCPs using qualitative interviews sensitivity, specificity, radiologist involvement, understandability of AI decision-making, supporting evidence, and diversity of training data. We invited US-based PCPs to participate in an internet-based experiment designed to force participants to trade off among the attributes of hypothetical AI BCS products. Responses were analyzed with random parameters logit and latent class models to assess how different attributes affect the choice to recommend AI-enhanced screening.

Ninety-one PCPs participated. Sensitivity was most important, and most PCPs viewed radiologist participation in mammography interpretation as important. Other important attributes were specificity, understanwithout radiologist confirmation.

The roles of radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) and pharmacotherapy in treating persistent and long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) have not been sufficiently investigated. We conducted a multicentre, randomized, controlled trial to compare the effects of RFCA and pharmacotherapy on the prognosis of these patients.

A total of 648 patients with persistent and long-standing persistent AF were enrolled from 30 centres and randomized to either the ablation group (n = 327) or the pharmacotherapy group (n = 321). After 54.2 ± 10.6 months of follow-up, the primary endpoints occurred significantly more rarely in the ablation group than in the pharmacotherapy group (10.4% vs. 17.4%; hazard ratio 0.59, 95% confidence interval 0.48-0.75; P < 0.001). The incidence of stroke/transient ischaemic attack (TIA) was significantly lower in the ablation group (4.2% vs. 7.2%, P < 0.001). Likewise, the incidence of new-onset congestive heart failure (CHF) was lower in the ablation group (2.8% vs. 7.2%, P < 0.001). More patients had sinus rhythm in the ablation group than in the pharmacotherapy group (60.6% vs. 20.9%, P < 0.001), but fewer patients were on antiarrhythmic drugs (24.4% vs. 41.6%, P < 0.001) and warfarin (60.8% vs. 83.9%, P = 0.001). Both the 6-min walk distance and the quality of life (QoL) were improved in the ablation group at the end of follow-up.

In patients with persistent and long-standing persistent AF, RFCA-based treatment was superior to pharmacotherapy in decreasing stroke/TIA and new-onset CHF and improving QoL.

In patients with persistent and long-standing persistent AF, RFCA-based treatment was superior to pharmacotherapy in decreasing stroke/TIA and new-onset CHF and improving QoL.Presented here are the scientific abstracts from the Pulmonary Pathology Society (PPS) Biennial Meeting, which took place in June 2019 in Dubrovnik, Croatia. This meeting of pulmonary pathologists from around the world was assembled under the direction and leadership of Mary Beth Beasley, MD, then president of the PPS. All abstracts were reviewed for scientific content by Mari Mino-Kenudson, MD, and Andre Moreira, MD, prior to their acceptance.

The use of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) serologic tests detects antibodies in the host, contributing to the identification of individuals who have been exposed to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

To critically evaluate 2 commercially available SARS-CoV-2 serology tests.

A total of 333 unique, nonduplicated serum samples obtained from COVID-19 patients (n = 170) and negative controls (n = 163) obtained before December 2019 were used in the study. Samples were tested on the Roche E411 and Abbott Architect i4000SR platforms, and results were correlated to reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results and clinical symptoms.

There was a strong level of agreement in the qualitative results between both assays, with a Cohen κ value of .840, P < .001. The specificity for both Roche and Abbott were excellent at 100%. Roche exhibited marginally better performance in the 21 days or more group with a sensitivity of 90.6% (95% CI, 75.8%-96.8%) versus an Abbott sensitivity of 84.4% (95% CI, 68.3%-93.1%), as well as in the 14- to 20-day group with a sensitivity of 85.7% (95% CI, 65.4%-95.0%) versus an Abbott sensitivity of 81.0% (95% CI, 60.0%-92.3%). Less than 14 days of symptoms groups exhibited poor sensitivity at less than 50% for both assays. The areas under curve (± standard error) for Roche (0.894 ± 0.025, P < .001) and Abbott (0.884 ± 0.026, P < .001) were very similar. Potential confounders for negative serologic results include antiretroviral medication use and pauci-symptomatic patients.

Specificities for high-throughput Roche and Abbott immunoassays are excellent, but users need to be cautious to interpret serologic test results after 14 days of symptoms to avoid false negatives.

Specificities for high-throughput Roche and Abbott immunoassays are excellent, but users need to be cautious to interpret serologic test results after 14 days of symptoms to avoid false negatives.

Autopsy rates have decreased dramatically despite providing important clinical information to medical practices and social benefits to decedents' families.

To assess the impact of an institutional Office of Decedent Affairs (ODA), a direct communication link between pathology and decedents' families, on hospital autopsy consent rates, autopsy-related communication, practitioner views, and next-of-kin experiences.

A before and after study involving all hospital decedents whose deaths did not fall within the jurisdiction of the medical examiner's office from 2013 to 2018. Epacadostat A pathology-run ODA launched in May 2016 to guide next-of-kin through the hospital death process (including autopsy-related decisions) and serve as the next-of-kin's contact for any subsequent autopsy-related communication. Critical care and hematology/oncology practitioners were assessed for their autopsy-related views and decedents' next-of-kin were assessed for their autopsy-related experiences. Autopsy consent rates for non-medical examiner hospital deaths, autopsy-related communication rates, practitioner views on the role and value of autopsy, and next-of-kin autopsy experiences and decisions factors were compared prior to and after ODA launch.