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Endometriosis is a common entity causing chronic pain and infertility in women. The gold standard method for diagnosis is diagnostic laparoscopy, which is invasive and costly. MRI has shown promise in its ability to diagnose endometriosis and its efficacy for preoperative planning. The Society of Abdominal Radiology established a Disease-Focused Panel (DFP) to improve patient care for patients with endometriosis. In this article, the DFP performs a literature review and uses its own experience to provide technical recommendations on optimizing MRI Pelvis for the evaluation of endometriosis.BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths and is associated with various genetic mutations. BRAF mutations, found in approximately 10% of all CRCs, are associated with negative predictive outcomes. The goal of this study was to assess the relationship between the imaging findings and BRAF statuses of CRC patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study population was colorectal cancer patients who underwent biopsy or surgery in a single institution from September 2004 to October 2018, and in whom the pathologic specimens were tested for BRAF mutation. The exclusion criteria were (1) patients without pre-operative cross-sectional imaging, and (2) patients whose tumors were invisible on imaging. Two hundred and eighty-three patients met the inclusion criteria. Among them, 128 were excluded, and a total of 155 patients were enrolled in the study. RESULTS BRAF mutations were significantly more common in female patients (p = 0.007). Patients with mutated BRAF were significantly older than those with wild-type BRAF (p = 0.001). BRAF-mutant tumors were predominant in right-sided colon (p = 0.001) with higher numbers of polypoid- or mass-like morphology (p = 0.019) and heterogeneous enhancement (p = 0.009). Compared to their wild-type counterparts, BRAF-mutated CRCs have a lower occurrence of non-peritoneal, and overall metastases (p = 0.013 and p = 0.004, respectively). Logistic regression analysis showed three significant factors for the prediction of BRAF mutations in CRC patients right-sided location (p = 0.002), heterogeneous tumor enhancement (p = 0.039), and lack of non-peritoneal metastasis (p = 0.043). CONCLUSION By recognizing the specific imaging features of BRAF-mutant CRCs, it would be possible to identify a patient who has a higher risk of carrying BRAF mutation.OBJECTIVE To investigate if size measurements of liver observations is more variable in the arterial phase as suggested by LI-RADS and assess potential higher instability in categorization in this particular phase. Secondarily, to assess inter- and intra-reader agreement for size across phases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with liver cirrhosis who underwent multi-arterial phase MRI between 2017 and 2018 were retrospectively selected. Three radiologists measured liver observations in each phase, independently, in a random order. Mean size between early and late arterial phases (AP), 2, 3 and 10 min delay and the number of observations crossing the LI-RADS size thresholds (10 and 20 mm) per phase were compared using McNemar's test. Reader agreement was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and bootstrap-based comparisons. Bonferroni's correction was applied to pairwise comparisons. RESULTS 94 observations (LR-3, LR-4, LR-5, and LR-M) were included. Mean sizes (mm) were late AP 19.9 (95% CI 17.2, 24.2), 2 min delay 19.8 (95% CI 17.1, 24.0), 3 min delay 19.8 (95% CI 17.2, 24.0), 10 min delay 20.2 (95% CI 17.5, 24.5) (p = 0.10-0.88). There was no difference between phases in number of observations that could have changed category due to variability in size (p = 0.546-1.000). Inter- and intra-reader agreement was excellent (ICC = 0.952-0.981). CONCLUSION Measurements of focal liver observations were consistent across all post-contrast imaging phases and we found no higher instability in LI-RADS category in any particular phase. Inter- and intra-reader agreement for size was excellent for each phase. Based on these findings, size measurement could be allowed on any post-contrast phase, including the arterial phase, if deemed appropriate by the radiologist.Homoserine lactones (HSLs) are signaling molecules synthesized by Gram-negative bacteria in order to communicate in a process termed "quorum sensing." Until recently, only the L-stereoisomers of HSLs were thought to be produced and able to incite quorum sensing. However, recent studies have shown that select Gram-negative bacteria additionally produce non-trivial amounts of D-HSLs which may also play a role in quorum sensing. Current methods for the separation of HSL enantiomers cannot effectively separate all classes of HSLs and its enantiomers. More robust methods of separation and detection of D-HSLs are necessary. We have developed rapid and selective methods using liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) which can simultaneously enantiomerically separate all classes of HSLs. The advantages of these methods are in the MS compatibility as well as the ability to enantiomerically separate all classes of HSLs in a single run. The first enantiomeric separations of oxo- and hydroxy-HSLs by GC-MS, through the use of N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide-derivatizing reagents are discussed. Graphical Abstract.Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) has been employed for the elemental bio-distribution and quantification of uranium (U) in histological tissue sections of rodent kidneys. Kidneys were immediately immersed into 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) solution for 24 h, Tissue-Tek O.C.T. find more Compound embedded and stored at - 80 °C until cutting in a cryostat, and mounted in gel-covered glass slides. In order to assure complete ablation of sample, sample preparation and laser conditions were carefully optimized. In this work, a new analytical methodology is presented for performing quantitative laser ablation analyses based on internal standard (thulium, Tm)-spiked gelatine (10% m/v) for correction of matrix effects, lack of tissue homogeneity, and instrumental drift. In parallel, matrix-matched laboratory standards, dosed at different concentrations of U, were prepared from a pool of rat kidneys. The quantitative images of cryo-sections revealed heterogeneous distribution of uranium within the renal tissue, because the cortical concentration was up to 120-fold higher than the medullary concentration.