Acevedomccartney3580

p. injections. This study brings tools to improve pharmacological validity of preclinical models of psychiatric diseases, and to adapt dosage of antipsychotics according to the route used. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is one of the most studied plant viral pathogens because it is the most damaging virus for global tomato production. In order to combat this global threat, it is important that we understand the biology of TYLCV and devise management approaches. The prime objective of this review is to highlight management strategies for efficiently tackling TYLCV epidemics and global spread. For that purpose, we focus on the impact TYLCV has on worldwide agriculture and the role of recent advances for our understanding of TYLCV interaction with its host and vector. Another important focus is the role of recombination and mutations in shaping the evolution of TYLCV genome and geographical distribution. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus responsible for an ongoing human pandemic (COVID-19). There is a massive international effort underway to develop diagnostic reagents, vaccines, and antiviral drugs in a bid to slow down the spread of the disease and save lives. One part of that international effort involves the research community working with plants, bringing researchers from all over the world together with commercial enterprises to achieve the rapid supply of protein antigens and antibodies for diagnostic kits, and scalable production systems for the emergency manufacturing of vaccines and antiviral drugs. Here, we look at some of the ways in which plants can and are being used in the fight against COVID-19. INTRODUCTION We are facing a pandemic with a great impact worldwide, as a result of the rapid spread of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). The medical community is still getting to know behavior of this virus and the consequences from a population point of view. All this knowledge is extremely dynamic, so some behaviors are still not well established. Otorhinolaryngologists have a central role in the management of this situation, in which they must assess the patient, avoid contamination to and by health professionals and other patients. Thus, the recommendations of the Brazilian Association of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervical-Facial Surgery (ABORL-CCF) have the main objective of reducing the spread of the new coronavirus during otorhinolaryngological care and assisting in the management of these patients. METHODS Review of the main recommendations of national and international scientific societies, decisions by government agencies and class councils. The topics will be related to the general aspects of COVID-19, personal protective equipment, care in patient assistance, endoscopic exam routines and the management of sinonasal, otological and pediatric evaluations related to COVID-19. RESULTS The use of personal protective equipment is considered crucial in routine ENT care. We recommend postponing appointments, exams and elective surgeries to reduce the spread of COVID-19. Similarly, we recommend changing routines in several areas of otolaryngology. Additionally, guidance is provided on the use of telemedicine resources during the pandemic period. CONCLUSIONS We are still at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic and scientific evidence is still scarce and incomplete, so these ABORL-CCF recommendations for otorhinolaryngologists may be updated based on new knowledge and the pattern of the new coronavirus spread. 7-Ketocholesterol INTRODUCTION We present an alternative procedure for distal hypospadias consisting of urethral mobilization and glandular disassembly, named GUD-technique. MATERIAL AND METHODS After circumcision and exposure of distal dysplastic urethra, it is entirely mobilized from corpora and glans. Glans is deconstructed and incised in midline producing two wings almost not connected to glandular urethra at all. The urethra is then mobilized cranially and sutured to the tip of glans. Glans wings embrace the distal urethra producing a refurbished conical glans. DISCUSSION Koff et al. published a technique consisting of extensive urethral mobilization for hypospadias repair. Mitchell & Blagi and Perovic et al. reported on complete penile disassembly for epispadia repair as a way to complete release of the rotation of the penis and treat chordee bringing the urethra to a more functional location. We incorporated these two principles in GUD. The rationale is to avoid suture urethroplasty, simply repositioning the mobilized urethra distally and working aggressively on glans disassembly creating a more conical and cosmetic glans. The aggressive deconstruction of glans makes this technique unique. CONCLUSION We are convinced that this operation can be regarded as a genuine alternative to distal hypospadias after performing 100 cases in 3 years of experience. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressing and fatal disease characterized by muscular atrophy due to loss of upper and lower motor neurons. Pathogenic mutations in the TARDBP gene that encode TDP-43 have been identified in familial ALS. We have previously reported transgenic mice with neuronal expression of human TDP-43 carrying the pathogenic A315T mutation (iTDP-43A315T mice) using a tetracycline-controlled inducible promotor system. Constitutive expression of transgenic TDP-43A315T in the absence of doxycycline resulted in pronounced early-onset and progressive neurodegeneration, motor and memory deficits. Here, we analyzed delayed transgene expression of TDP-43A315T by oral doxycycline treatment of iTDP-43A315T mice from birth till weaning. After doxycycline withdrawal, transgenic TDP-43A315T expression gradually increased and resulted in cytoplasmic TDP-43, widespread ubiquitination, cortical and hippocampal atrophy. In addition, these mice developed motor and gait deficits with underlying muscle atrophy, similar to that observed in the constitutive iTDP-43A315T mice. Surprisingly, in contrast to the constitutive iTDP-43A315T mice, these mice did not develop astrogliosis. In summary, delayed activation coupled with gradual increase in TDP-43A315T expression in the CNS of mature mice resulted in progressive functional deficits with neuron and muscle loss, but in the absence of a glial response. This suggests that astrocytosis does not contribute to functional deficits and neuronal loss upon TDP-43A315T expression in mature mice.