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Furthermore, alcohol tolerance can be used as an AUD phenotypic variable in randomized clinical trials designed for developing AUD therapies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).The fear avoidance model (FAM) represents a cognitive-behavioral explanatory approach for pain chronification. The core assumption is that fear of pain (FOP) following an acute pain experience facilitates the development of pain chronification, disability, and receding functionality. Thus, the model predicts a positive association between FOP and pain intensity in pain patients, which was frequently investigated; however, results were inconsistent. To highlight inconsistencies, we performed integrative statistical analysis aimed at evaluating the strength of the cross-sectional relation between FOP and pain intensity in clinical research and reviewing its moderation through demographic, pain-specific and psychosocial characteristics. To this end, we searched the databases PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science and included 253 independent effect size estimates (N = 42 463). The overall mean effect size was computed based on a random-effects model. By utilizing the artifact distribution method, we supplemented it with an analysis correcting for artifacts. this website The magnitude of the positive association equated to the threshold between a small to medium effect size, which was expected as the FAM predicts an indirect relation only. The association turned out to be stable across different FOP measures, but was significantly moderated by age, pain localization, first-time pain episode, pain onset, treatment status, and anxiety sensitivity. A potentially necessary differentiation of patient subgroups and suggestions for an adjusted methodological approach of future research are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotion suggests that higher levels of positive affect promote an independently measurable state of high psychological well-being termed flourishing. Levels of self-perceived flourishing have been shown to be influenced by past affect, and there is some indication that flourishing may influence future affect. Our study addressed 2 questions (a) whether a person-centered latent profile analysis based on momentary affective dynamics (intercept, stability, and variability) would identify the expected flourishing profile and (b) whether this profile would exhibit predicted bidirectional relationships between affective experience and self-reported flourishing status. A sample of 1,152 early adults reported momentary positive and negative affect 4 times a day and daily self-perceived flourishing for 13 days. Latent profile analysis identified 3 affective profiles a positive profile, a mixed profile, and a negative profile. Our results indicate that distinct groups of people can be identified by their affective profiles and that momentary affect predicts changes in future self-perceptions of flourishing. However, we failed to find support for the view that self-perceptions of flourishing reliably predicted changes in levels of future affect. Thus, we only provide mixed support for the broaden-and-build theory and failed to support a key inference of the framework, a bidirectional relationship between experienced affect and self-perceptions of flourishing (at least on the scale of daily momentary change). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Affect regulation models of eating disorder behavior, which predict worsening of affect prior to binge-eating episodes and improvement in affect following such episodes, have received support in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. However, limited work has examined the trajectories of affect surrounding binge eating in binge-eating disorder (BED). In the current study, ecological momentary assessment data from 112 men and women with BED were used to examine the trajectories of positive affect (PA), negative affect (NA), guilt, fear, hostility, and sadness relative to binge-eating episodes. Prior to binge episodes, PA significantly decreased, whereas NA and guilt significantly increased. Following binge episodes, levels of NA and guilt significantly decreased and PA stabilized. Overall, results indicate improvements in affect following binge-eating episodes, suggesting that binge eating may function to alleviate unpleasant emotional experiences among individuals with BED, which is consistent with affect regulation models of eating pathology. Because improvements in negative affect were primarily driven by change in guilt, findings also highlight the relative importance of understanding the relationship between guilt and binge-eating behavior within this population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Many scenario-based assessments (e.g., interviews, assessment center exercises, work samples, simulations, and situational judgment tests) use prompts (i.e., cues provided to respondents to increase the likelihood that the information received from them is clear, sufficient, and job-related). However, a dilemma for practitioners and researchers is how general or specific one should prompt people's answers. We posit that such differences in prompt-specificity (i.e., extent to which prompts cue performance criteria) have important implications for the predictive validity of scenario-based assessment scores. Drawing on the interplay of situation construal and situational strength theory, we propose that prompt-specificity leads to differential relationships between scenario-based scores and external constructs (personality traits vs. knowledge), which in turn affects the predictive validity of scenario-based assessments. We tested this general hypothesis using intercultural scenarios for predicting effectiveness in multicultural teams. Using a randomized predictive validation design, we contrast scores on these scenarios with general (N = 157) versus specific (N = 158) prompts. As a general conclusion, prompt-specificity mattered Lesser prompt-specificity augmented the role of perspective taking and openness-to-experience in the intercultural scenario scores and their validity for predicting intercultural performance, whereas greater prompt-specificity increased the role of knowledge in these scores and their validity for predicting in-role performance. This study's theoretical and practical implications go beyond a specific assessment procedure and apply to a broad array of assessment and training approaches that rely on scenarios. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).