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This link was even stronger after 4 years than at baseline. Moreover, changes in pain, depression, and fatigue were highly correlated without any of these symptoms preceding the others. Taken together, pain of any type seems to be much more frequent than NP in early nonprogressive MS. Moreover, the close relationship between pain, fatigue, and depression in MS should be considered for treatment decisions and future research on a possible common pathophysiology.OBJECTIVE To determine the publication rate of posters presented at the OTA annual meeting from 2011 to 2016. METHODS All posters presented at the OTA annual meetings from 2011 to 2016 were identified from the OTA's official website and confirmed through review of the OTA official programs. This information was then used to direct a search, and if the presentation was associated with a publication, publishing information was entered into the database. RESULTS From 2011 to 2016, there were a total of 875 posters with 473 associated publications (54%). The highest rate of publication was 64.1% of posters published in 2012. The posters were published at an average of 19.4 months after presentation. One hundred sixty posters were published in the Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma (35%). CONCLUSION Our research demonstrated a 54% publication rate over a 6-year period of posters presented at the OTA annual meetings. This rate is higher than other publication rates for podium presentations in other societies (eg, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons and American Academy for Surgery of the Hand). This validates the quality of research presented in poster format at the OTA annual meeting.OBJECTIVES To make direct comparisons of the biomechanical properties of a control (CTL) group and implants that were augmented with far cortical locking (FCL), bone substitute material (BSM), and a combination of both (ALL) to determine which fixation is most effective in reducing implant failure. METHODS The constructs were tested with osteopenic cadaveric specimens in a two-part fracture model. Specimens were subjected to a battery of nondestructive torsion and axial compression tests, followed by a cyclic test. Construct stiffness and cycles to failure were documented, pre- and post-test fluoroscopy was performed, and implant and bone kinematics were quantified. RESULTS During nondestructive testing, the BSM group exhibited significantly increased torsional and axial stiffness compared with the FCL (P = 0.006, P less then 0.001) group and ALL group (P less then 0.001, P = 0.006). There were no significant differences in resistance to cyclic loading between groups. Fluoroscopic analysis indicated significant differences in the motions of nonlocked cannulated screws (used in BSM and ALL) versus locked screws (used in CTL and FCL). learn more CONCLUSIONS Patients with poor bone quality and proximal humerus fracture may necessitate added compliance or rigidity to achieve fixation. Both have exhibited favorable biomechanical characteristics in this cadaveric 2-part proximal humerus fracture model.BACKGROUND Although several studies have suggested that minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) may be especially beneficial in the elderly population due to lower operative morbidity and faster postoperative recovery, there are limited studies investigating the functional outcomes, quality of life, and satisfaction in elderly patients after MIS-TLIF. Furthermore, existing studies had substantial clinical, diagnostic, and surgical heterogeneity. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We asked if elderly patients could experience comparable (1) patient-reported pain, disability and quality of life, (2) perioperative complications, and (3) radiological fusion rates as their younger counterparts after MIS-TLIF. METHODS Prospectively collected registry data of patients undergoing primary, single-level, MIS-TLIF for degenerative spondylolisthesis between 2012 and 2014 were reviewed. We included 168 patients, 39 of whom were at least 70 years old. Of the 129 patients younger than 70 years old, propensity-snd surgical heterogeneity were minimized, elderly patients undergoing minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion not only had comparable rates of perioperative complications but also experienced similar improvements in pain, function, and quality of life. A high rate of satisfaction was achieved. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II, prognostic study.BACKGROUND In consideration of the difficulty in diagnosing high heterogeneous glioma, valuable prognostic markers are urgent to be investigated. This study aimed to verify that connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is associated with the clinical prognosis of glioma, also to analyze the effect of CTGF on the biological function. METHODS In this study, glioma and non-tumor tissue samples were obtained in 2012 to 2014 from the Department of Neurosurgery of Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. Based on messenger RNA (mRNA) data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and CCGA dataset, combined with related clinical information, we detected the expression of CTGF mRNA in glioma and assessed its effect on the prognosis of glioma patients. High expression of CTGF mRNA and protein in glioma were verified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting. The role of CTGF in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of gliomas were respectivelyion, and invasion of gliomas. CTGF higher expression had been observed in GBM, and GO analysis demonstrated that the function of CTGF in GBM was mainly associated with metabolism and energy pathways (P  less then  0.001). CONCLUSIONS CTGF is highly expressed in glioma, especially GBM, as an unfavorable and independent prognostic marker for glioma patients and facilitates the progress of glioma.BACKGROUND Intravertebral and general anesthesia (GA) are two main anesthesia approaches but both have defects. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of subarachnoid anesthesia combined with propofol target-controlled infusion (TCI) on blood loss and transfusion for total hip arthroplasty (THA) in elderly patients in comparison with combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA) or GA. METHODS Totally, 240 patients (aged ≥65 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists [ASA] I-III) scheduled for posterior THA were enrolled from September 1st, 2017 to March 1st, 2018. All cases were randomly divided into three groups to receive CSEA (group C, n = 80), GA (group G, n = 80), or subarachnoid anesthesia and propofol TCI (group T, n = 80), respectively. Primary outcomes measured were intra-operative blood loss, autologous and allogeneic blood transfusion, mean arterial pressure at different time points, length of stay in post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), length of hospital stay, and patient satisfaction degree. Furthermore, post-operative pain scores and complications were also observed.