Espinozawheeler1340

We observed significant interactive effects between transposed-word effects and context, and analyses revealed that transposed-word effects decreased when the first and second words were transposed in a sentence. We conclude that context rather than reading speed modulates transposed-word effects in Chinese reading and discuss these findings with regard to the noisy bottom-up allocation of word identities and top-down sentence-level constraints.When observing point light walkers orthographically projected onto a frontoparallel plane, the direction in which they are walking is ambiguous. Nevertheless, observers more often perceive them as facing towards than as facing away from them. This phenomenon is known as the "facing-the-viewer bias" (FTV). Two interpretations of the facing-the-viewer bias exist in the literature a top-down and a bottom-up interpretation. Support for the top-down interpretation comes from evidence that social anxiety correlates with the FTV bias. However, the direction of the relationship between the FTV bias and social anxiety is inconsistent across studies and evidence for a correlation has mostly been obtained with relatively small samples. Therefore, the first aim of the current study was to provide a strong test of the hypothesized relationship between social anxiety and the facing-the-viewer bias in a large sample of 200 participants recruited online. In addition, a second aim was to further extend top-down accounts by investigating if the FTV bias is also related to autistic traits. Our results replicate the FTV bias, showing that people indeed tend to perceive orthographically projected point light walkers as facing towards them. However, no correlation between the FTV bias and social interaction anxiety (tau = -0.01, p = .86, BF = 0.18) or autistic traits (tau = -0.0039, p = .45, BF = 0.18) was found. As such, our data cannot confirm the top-down interpretation of the facing-the-viewer bias.Previously we found perspective taking (PT) influenced affect ratings of negative pictures more than neutral pictures. The current follow-up experiments extend that research to explore effects of perspective taking with positive valence pictures. We used stimuli consisting of neutral, happy and sad pictures. Stimuli were presented either mixed within blocks (Experiment 1) or separated by emotion (neutrals + happy/sad) into two separate blocks (Experiment 2). Participants rated (from 1- to 7 based on emotional strength) stimuli from different perspectives (sensitive/tough/their own, i.e., "me"). Emotional strength rating was a dependent variable. A significant interaction between valence and PT was found in both experiments. The difference between adopting sensitive and tough perspectives toward sadness was larger than toward the neutral condition, replicating our results from the previous study. The same difference (sensitive-tough) was larger toward the happiness condition than toward the neutral one (this was a trend in Experiment 1 and was significant in Experiment 2) and toward the sadness condition than toward the happy one. These results suggest that PT effects on emotional ratings are modulated by valence of stimuli.

To translate the PSI (Pregnancy Symptoms Inventory) into Turkish, to perform its cultural adaptation, to establish its reliability and validity, and to examine the prevalence of perceived pregnancy symptoms frequency and symptom-related limitation in Turkish pregnant women.

This cross-sectional study included healthy pregnant women over 18 years old from all 3 pregnancy trimesters. In the reliability analysis, the test-retest reliability was investigated by the Pearson correlation analysis. For the criterion validity of the PSI, correlations between the total pregnancy symptom frequency scores and the total scores of the Tilburg Pregnancy Distress Scale, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Nottingham Health Profile were analyzed. Frequency and limitation perception prevalence of the symptoms were calculated as a percentage based on the response to each symptom. Statistical significance level was accepted as p<0.05.

In the present study, 210 pregnant women particiof pregnancy symptoms and to initiate effective non-pharmacological interventions.

Comprehensive and practical symptom questioning tools such as the PSI during pregnancy can lead to the early detection of pregnancy symptoms and to initiate effective non-pharmacological interventions.Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is the intentional destruction of bodily tissue in the absence of suicidal motives. Individuals who self-injure often report doing so in order to punish the self or express self-hatred. Self-criticism, or thoughts marked by shame, self-consciousness, and inferiority, is associated with higher rates of NSSI while self-compassion, or the tendency to be sympathetic and caring with oneself, is negatively associated with NSSI. The aim of the present study was to determine whether experimentally-induced self-criticism would increase and self-compassion would decrease implicit identification with NSSI. Participants were randomly assigned to either a self-criticism induction, a self-compassion induction, or a neutral, control condition and completed a measure of strength of the automatic associations that a person holds between themselves and self-harming behaviors before and after the experimental induction. Study hypotheses were partially supported. Results showed that participants in the self-criticism induction experienced an increase in their implicit associations with NSSI while implicit associations in the self-compassion condition did not significantly change. These results highlight the importance of self-criticism in NSSI. Future research should examine increases in self-criticism as a potential precursor of NSSI in longitudinal samples.Mycotoxins are natural contaminants of food and feed occurring worldwide. Deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) are the most frequent fusariotoxins and induce immune and intestinal toxicity in humans and animals. Recently, an association between mycotoxins exposure and impaired fertility has been suggested. However, the effects of these mycotoxins on the reproductive system are not well established. Retinoicacid This study aimed to evaluate the effects of FB1 and DON, in combination or alone, on the ovarian morphology and oxidative responses using porcine explants. Seventy-two explants were obtained from six pigs and submitted to the following treatments control (MEM medium), DON (10 μM), FB1 (100 μM FB1), and DON + FB1 (10 μM + 100 μM). Histological and immunohistochemical assays were performed to evaluate ovarian changes, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Oxidative stress response was evaluated through lipid peroxidation and antioxidant capacity response assays. The exposure to mycotoxins induced significant histological changes in the ovaries, which were characterized by a decrease in viable follicles and increase in degenerated follicles.