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The mean strain ratio for malignant and benign lymph nodes was 22.2±30.1 and 5.2±1.7, respectively (p less then 0.001). With a cut-off value of ≥2.47 of strain ratio, the sensitivity for malignancy was 75% and specificity was 65%. The combined use of positron emission tomography and lymph node score or strain ratio yielded 80.4% and 61.2% sensitivity and 80% and 70.3% specificity for malignancy, respectively. Conclusion Endobronchial ultrasonography elastography is useful in predicting malignancy of the lymph nodes. When combined with positron emission tomography, specificity and positive predictive value for malignancy increase. Copyright © 2020, Turkish Society of Cardiovascular Surgery.Background This study aims to investigate the protective effect of melatonin on lung damage induced by one-lung ventilation in a rat model. Methods A total of 20 healthy, Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomized into two equal groups as control (n=10) and melatonin groups (n=10). The control group underwent 60 min of one-lung ventilation, followed by 30 min of two-lung ventilation. In the melatonin group, the rats were administered 10 mg/kg melatonin intraperitoneally 10 min before the start of the experiment. At the end of both ventilation periods, tissue samples were obtained from the lungs of the control and melatonin groups for biochemical analysis and histopathological examinations. Tissue superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels were measured. Lung tissue samples were examined based on the presence and amount of alveolar congestion, intra-alveolar bleeding, and leukocyte and lymphocyte infiltration. Results At the end of the study, lung tissue malondialdehyde (3.8±0.9 vs. 1.8±0.8 μM; p less then 0.001) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels (47.2±15.0 vs. 21.8±7.2 pg/mL; p less then 0.001) of the melatonin group were found to significantly decrease, compared to the control group. Superoxide dismutase levels of the melatonin group increased at the end of both ventilation periods, and the increase at the end of one-lung ventilation was found to be statistically significant (0.6±0.2 vs. 1.3±0.7 U/mL; p less then 0.05). Selleckchem Binimetinib Histopathological examination demonstrated that the tissue damage was less in the melatonin group. There was a significant decrease in the alveolar congestion in this group (p=0.0401). Although other histopathological parameters decreased in the melatonin group, no significant difference was found. Conclusion Our study results demonstrate that melatonin has protective effects on the lung damage induced by one-lung ventilation both at biochemical and histopathological levels in rats. Copyright © 2020, Turkish Society of Cardiovascular Surgery.Background This study aims to investigate the frequency, distribution, and morphological/immunohistochemical features of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations and to examine the possible relationship between the material type and technical success of mutation analysis in Turkish population with non-small cell lung cancer. Methods Between September 2012 and December 2015, a total of 499 consecutive, treatment-naïve patients (437 males, 163 females; mean age 61 years; range, 30 to 84 years) with primary or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer who underwent epidermal growth factor receptor mutation testing using Sanger sequencing method were retrospectively analyzed. Archival records and hematoxylin-eosine and immunohistochemically stained sections were re-examined. The thyroid transcription factor-1 and napsin A immunohistochemical stains were performed on tissue array blocks. Results Seventy-five mutations were detected in 70 patients (14%). The success rate of testing and intact deoxyribonucleic acid fr of thyroid transcription factor-1 negativity. Copyright © 2020, Turkish Society of Cardiovascular Surgery.Background The aim of this study was to investigate the intra-abdominal pressure changes and risk factors associated with increased intra-abdominal pressure in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods Between July 2016 and January 2017, a total of 100 patients (74 males, 26 females; mean age 55.9±14.3 years; range, 19 to 75 years) who underwent cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass were included in the study. Patients" data including demographic and clinical characteristics and intra- and postoperative data were recorded. Intra-abdominal pressure was measured via a urinary catheter after anesthesia induction, on admission to the intensive care unit, and at postoperative 12 and 24 h. The patients were divided into two groups according to the intraabdominal pressure as Group 1 (≥12 mmHg; n=49) and Group 2 ( less then 12 mmHg; n=51). Results In the univariate regression analysis, high intra-abdominal pressure was related to intra-abdominal pressure measured after anesthesia induction (Odds Ratio =0.70that age, hypertension, duration of cardiopulmonary bypass, intraoperative lactate levels, and use of red blood cells are risk factors associated with elevated intra-abdominal pressure in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Increased awareness of these risk factors and the addition of intra-abdominal pressure measurement to the standard follow-up scheme in patients with variable hemodynamics, low cardiac output, and high lactate levels in the intensive care unit may be useful in early diagnosis of complications and in decreasing morbidity. Copyright © 2020, Turkish Society of Cardiovascular Surgery.Background The aim of this study was to compare the effect of lower extremity ischemia reperfusion on the liver and the effect of ischemiareperfusion on the liver itself in a rat model. Methods Thirty Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into three groups including 10 in each group sham (Group 1), lower limb ischemia-reperfusion (Group 2), and liver ischemia-reperfusion (Group 3). In Group 2, one hour of left lower limb ischemia was performed. In Group 3, one hour of ischemia in the liver was performed, followed by 24 hours of reperfusion. After reperfusion, the liver tissues were removed, and the groups were evaluated biochemically and histologically. Results The liver malondialdehyde levels were significantly higher in Groups 2 and 3 than in the sham group (p0.05). Conclusion Reperfusion injury in the liver after lower limb ischemiareperfusion is as important as ischemia-reperfusion injury which is specifically induced in the liver. This should be taken into account, particularly in reperfusion surgeries following vascular trauma or in cases of leg tourniquets to stop bleeding after lower limb vascular trauma.