Callesenreed2081

yotic acidocalcisomes should have similar features. Since hardly any information is available on bacterial acidocalcisomes this study aimed at the characterization of organelle-like structures in α-proteobacterial cells at the example of A. tumefaciens. Copyright © 2020 American Society for Microbiology.There is a growing need for a highly stable system to allow the production of biologics for diagnoses and therapeutic interventions on demand that could be used in extreme environments. Among the variety of biologics, nanobodies (Nbs) derived from single-chain variable antibody fragments from camelids, have attracted great attention in recent years due to their small size and great stability with translational potentials in whole-body imaging and the development of new drugs. Intracellular expression using the bacterium Escherichia coli has been the predominant system to produce Nbs, and this requires lengthy steps for releasing intracellular proteins for purification as well as removal of endotoxins. Lyophilized, translationally competent cell extracts have also been explored as offering portability and long shelf lives, but such extracts may be difficult to scale up and suffer from batch-to-batch variability. To address these problems, we present a new system to (1) engineer the spore-forming bacterium Bacis potential drugs. Here, we present a system using cells of the bacterium Bacillus subtilis as a versatile platform for production of Nbs and then antigen detection via customized affinity columns. Importantly, B. subtilis carrying engineered genes for Nbs can form spores, which survive for years in a desiccated state. However, upon rehydration and exposure to nutrients, spores rapidly transition to growing cells which secrete encoded Nbs, thus allowing their manufacture and purification. Copyright © 2020 American Society for Microbiology.Beneficial gut microbes can facilitate insect growth on diverse diets. Tamoxifen in vivo The omnivorous American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (Insecta Blattodea), thrives on a diet rich in plant polysaccharides and harbors a species-rich gut microbiota responsive to host diet. Bacteroidetes are among the most abundant taxa in P. americana and other cockroaches based on cultivation-independent gut community profiling and these potentially polysaccharolytic bacteria may contribute to host diet processing. Eleven Bacteroidetes isolates were cultivated from P. americana digestive tracts and phylogenomic analyses suggest that they were new Bacteroides, Dysgonomonas, Paludibacter and Parabacteroides species distinct from those previously isolated from other insects, humans and environmental sources. In addition, complete genomes were generated for each isolate and polysaccharide utilization loci (PUL) and several non-PUL associated CAZyme coding genes that putatively target starch, pectin and/or cellulose were annotated in each americana thrives on a highly diverse plant-enriched diet, making this insect a rich potential source of uncharacterized polysaccharolytic bacteria. We have cultivated, completely sequenced and functionally characterized several novel Bacteroidetes species that are endemic to P. americana gut and many of these isolates can degrade simple and complex polysaccharides. Cultivation and genomic characterization of these Bacteroidetes isolates further enables deeper insight into how these taxa, participate in polysaccharide metabolism and, more broadly, how they affect animal health and development. Copyright © 2020 American Society for Microbiology.Plant growth is often limited by high-activated aluminum (Al) and low available phosphorus (P) in acidic soil. Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi could improve their host plants Al-tolerance by increasing P availability while decreasing Al activity in vitro or in hydroponic/sand culture systems. However, the role of ECM fungi on inorganic P (IP) and labile Al in acidic soil in the field, particularly under Al treatment, remains poorly understood. The present study aimed to determine the influence of ECM fungal association on the mobilization of IP and labile Al in rhizosphere soil of the host plant grown in the field under external Al treatment and the underlying nutritional mechanism in plant Al-tolerance. In doing so, 4-week-old Pinus massoniana seedlings were inoculated with three ECM isolates (Laccaria bicolor 270, L. bicolor S238A and L. bicolor S238N), respectively, and grown in a Haplic Alisol field with or without Al treatment for 12 weeks. Results showed that L. bicolor association enhanced the available P noculation in plant Al-tolerance. In addition, the results described in the present study confirm the importance to carry out studies in field compared to the previous results from in vitro study. Our findings strengthen the role of ECM fungus association in exploring, utilizing and transporting the unavailable nutrients in the soil to enhance the host plant growth and adaptability in response to adverse habitats. Copyright © 2020 American Society for Microbiology.Chinese Jiuqu (starter) provides saccharifying enzymes for baijiu (Chinese liquor) fermentation, which undergoes a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process. However, the key saccharifying enzymes associated with alcoholic fermentation from Jiuqu and their effects on ethanol production remains poorly understood. In this study, we identified 51 carbohydrate hydrolyses in the baijiu fermentation by metaproteomics analysis. Through source tracking analysis, approximately 80% of carbohydrate hydrolyses in the baijiu fermentation were provided by Jiuqu Among these enzymes, alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) and glucoamylase (EC 3.2.1.3), from Aspergillus, Rhizomucor and Rhizopus, were positively related to starch hydrolysis and ethanol production, indicating that they were the key saccharifying enzymes associated with alcoholic fermentation in the baijiu fermentation. Moreover, a combined mixture of alpha-amylase and glucoamylase (in a ratio of 16, w/w) enhanced ethanol production in a simulative baijiu fermeze the profile of saccharifying enzymes for enhancing ethanol production in baijiu and other food fermentations. Copyright © 2020 American Society for Microbiology.