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The ocular drug discovery arena has undergone a significant improvement in the last few years culminating in the FDA approvals of 8 new drugs. However, despite a large number of drugs, generics, and combination products available, it remains an urgent need to find breakthrough strategies and therapies for tackling ocular diseases. Targeting the adenosinergic system may represent an innovative strategy for discovering new ocular therapeutics. This review focused on the recent advance in the field and described the numerous nucleoside and non-nucleoside modulators of the four adenosine receptors (ARs) used as potential tools or clinical drug candidates.The reflection map introduced by D'Angelo is applied to deduce simpler descriptions of nondegeneracy conditions for sphere maps and to the study of infinitesimal deformations of sphere maps. It is shown that the dimension of the space of infinitesimal deformations of a nondegenerate sphere map is bounded from above by the explicitly computed dimension of the space of infinitesimal deformations of the homogeneous sphere map. Moreover a characterization of the homogeneous sphere map in terms of infinitesimal deformations is provided.

Understanding associations between psychosocial and physical factors among those who experience food insecurity could help design effective food insecurity programs for improved cardiovascular health among low-income populations. We examined differences in psychosocial and physical factors between those who were food secure compared with food insecure among public housing residents.

Data were from the baseline survey of a randomized controlled trial of a weight management intervention in Boston, Massachusetts from 2016-2017. Food insecurity and psychosocial and physical factors, including perceived stress, personal problems, social support, and physical symptoms, were measured via interviewer-administered screeners.

Mean age of the sample (N=102) was 46.5 years (SD=11.9). The majority were Hispanic (67%), female (88%), with ≤high school degree (62%). Nearly half were food insecure (48%). For psychosocial variables, those who were food insecure had higher ratings of perceived stress (adjusted mean difference 3.39, 95% CI2.00,4.79), a higher number of personal problems (adjusted mean difference 1.85, 95% CI 1.19, 2.51), and lower social support (adjusted mean difference -0.70, 95% CI-1.30,-0.11) compared with those who were food secure. For physical variables, those who were food insecure had higher odds of reporting negative physical symptoms (aOR 4.92, 95% CI1.84,13.16).

Among this sample of public housing residents, food insecurity was associated with higher stress, more personal problems, higher experiences of physical symptoms, and lower social support.

Among this sample of public housing residents, food insecurity was associated with higher stress, more personal problems, higher experiences of physical symptoms, and lower social support.

This study examined whether health insurance stability was associated with improved type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) control and reduced racial/ethnic health disparities.

We utilized electronic medical record data (2005-2013) from two large, urban academic health systems with a racially/ethnically diverse patient population to examine insurance coverage, and three DM outcomes (poor diabetes control, A1c ≥8.0%; very poor diabetes control A1c >9.0%; and poor BP control, ≥ 130/80 mm Hg) and one DM management outcome (A1c monitoring). We used generalized estimating equations adjusting for age, sex, comorbidities, site of care, education, and income. Additional analysis examined if insurance stability (stable public or private insurance over the six-month internal) moderates the impact of race/ethnicity on DM outcomes.

Nearly 50% of non-Hispanic (NH) Whites had private insurance coverage, compared with 33.5% of NH Blacks, 31.5% of Asians, and 31.1% of Hispanics. find more Overall, and within most racial/ ethnic groups, insurance stability was associated with better glycemic control compared with those with insurance switches or always being uninsured, with uninsured NH Blacks having significantly worse BP control. More NH Black and Hispanic patients had poorly controlled (A1c≥8%) and very poorly controlled (A1c>9%) diabetes across all insurance stability types than NH Whites or Asians. The interaction between insurance instability and race/ethnic groups was statistically significant for A1c monitoring and BP control, but not for glycemic control.

Stable insurance coverage was associated with improved DM outcomes for all racial / ethnic groups, but did not eliminate racial ethnic disparities.

Stable insurance coverage was associated with improved DM outcomes for all racial / ethnic groups, but did not eliminate racial ethnic disparities.

The United States is experiencing an opioid overdose crisis accounting for as many as 130 deaths per day. As a result, health care providers are increasingly aware that prescribed opioids can be misused and diverted. Prescription of pain medication, including opioids, can be influenced by how health care providers perceive the trustworthiness of their patients. These perceptions hinge on a multiplicity of characteristics that can include a patient's race, ethnicity, gender, age, and presenting health condition or injury. The purpose of this study was to identify how trauma care providers evaluate and plan hospital discharge pain treatment for patients who survive serious injuries.

Using a semi-structured guide from November 2018 to January 2019, we interviewed 12 providers (physicians, nurse practitioners, physician assistants) who prescribe discharge pain treatment for injured patients at a trauma center in Philadelphia, PA. We used thematic analysis to interpret these data.

Participants identified the importance of determining "true" pain, which was the overarching theme that emerged in analysis. Subthemes included perceptions of the influence of reliable methods for pain assessment, the trustworthiness of their patient population, and the consequences of not getting it right.

Trauma care providers described a range of factors, beyond patient-elicited pain reports, in order to interpret their patients' analgesic needs. These included consideration of both the risks of under treatment and unnecessary suffering, and overtreatment and contribution to opioid overdoses.

Trauma care providers described a range of factors, beyond patient-elicited pain reports, in order to interpret their patients' analgesic needs. These included consideration of both the risks of under treatment and unnecessary suffering, and overtreatment and contribution to opioid overdoses.