Lucaschristensen4292

During the perinatal period in mammals when active sleep predominates, skeletal muscles twitch throughout the body. We have hypothesized that myoclonic twitches provide unique insight into the functional status of the human infant's nervous system. However, assessments of the rate and patterning of twitching have largely been restricted to infant rodents. Thus, here we analyze twitching in human infants over the first seven postnatal months. Using videography and behavioral measures of twitching during bouts of daytime sleep, we find at all ages that twitching across the body occurs predominantly in bursts at intervals of 10 s or less. We also find that twitching is expressed differentially across the body and with age. For example, twitching of the face and head is most prevalent shortly after birth and decreases over the first several months. In addition, twitching of the hands and feet occurs at a consistently higher rate than does twitching elsewhere in the body. Finally, the patterning of twitching becomes more structured with age, with twitches of the left and right hands and feet exhibiting the strongest coupling. selleck compound Altogether, these findings support the notion that twitches can provide a unique source of information about typical and atypical sensorimotor development. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.BACKGROUND As research surrounding cell-based regenerative therapy advances toward human trials, greater demand for cell products sourced from healthy donors will arise. The extent to which volunteers in Canadian Blood Services Stem Cell Registry would be willing to donate cells to support regenerative therapy is not known and warrants exploration. METHODS We conducted a Web-based survey to assess factors that would influence donor willingness to donate various tissues (blood, skin, fat, and bone marrow) for regenerative therapy. The survey was provided to 15,000 randomly selected donors who registered between 2013 and 2018. Data from the 1118 respondents were analyzed. RESULTS Despite a mixed degree of familiarity with regenerative medicine, potential donors were very supportive of donating for direct patient care and for research, and increasing their familiarity by reading a brief paragraph of information on regenerative medicine increased willingness to donate. Canadian Blood Services' stem cell registrants greatly preferred supporting nonprofit groups in research and development in comparison to entities that represent profit-seeking industry involvement. The most important factors influencing donor willingness to donate were having an impact on patients, safety of donation, advancing knowledge in regenerative medicine, a manageable time commitment, and tolerable pain that could be managed. Donors were most willing to donate blood and had mixed responses to donating other tissue types. CONCLUSIONS Adult volunteers from a national stem cell registry are willing to support donation of biospecimens for regenerative therapy. © 2020 AABB.BACKGROUND Peripheral venous access (PVA) devices for apheresis should be selected to provide enough flow with the least vein damage, but little information is available about PVA devices blood flow rates. The aim of this study was to know the blood flow rates provided by the most frequent PVA devices used in apheresis procedures. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS An experimental study was designed to simulate a plasma exchange procedure using citrated whole blood (WB). Two steel needles (16- and 17-gauge [G]) and six plastic cannulas (16G, 17G, two 18G, 20G, and 22G) were analyzed. The hematocrit of the WB was adjusted to 45%, 40%, 35%, 30%, and 25%. The separated plasma from the WB was used as replacement fluid. RESULTS Blood flow rate (inlet/return, mL/min) for 16G and 17G devices with a hematocrit of 45% was 142/142 (maximum admitted by separator); one of the 18G cannulas reached 142/142 and the other one reached 117/140; the 20G cannula reached 78/94; and the 22G reached 45/55. A hematocrit reduction from 45% to 25% increased the flow rate (when possible) over 22% (range 14%-30%). CONCLUSIONS PVA devices with a size of 16-18G provided the maximum flow admitted by the apheresis system. The 20G provided flow rates for a significant number of procedures, and 22G could be used in some procedures. The hematocrit should be taken into account when selecting the PVA device since, at hematocrit of 25%, the flow can be from 14% to 30% higher than flow rates reached with blood at hematocrit of 45%. © 2020 AABB.Endothelial glycocalyx degradation, critical for increased pulmonary vascular permeability, is thought to facilitate the development of sepsis into the multiple organ failure. Maresin conjugates in tissue regeneration 1 (MCTR1), a macrophage-derived lipid mediator, which exhibits potentially beneficial effects via the regulation of bacterial phagocytosis, promotion of inflammation resolution, and regeneration of tissue. In this study, we show that MCTR1 (100 ng/mouse) enhances the survival of mice with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced (15 mg/kg) sepsis. MCTR1 alleviates LPS (10 mg/kg)-induced lung dysfunction and lung tissue inflammatory response by decreasing inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β [IL-1β], and IL-6) expression in serum and reducing the serum levels of heparan sulfate (HS) and syndecan-1. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) experiments, MCTR1 (100 nM) was added to the culture medium with LPS for 6 hr. MCTR1 treatment markedly inhibited HS degradation by downregulating heparanase (HPA) protein expression in vivo and in vitro. Further analyses indicated that MCTR1 upregulates sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression and decreases NF-κB p65 phosphorylation. In the presence of BOC-2 or EX527, the above effects of MCTR1 were abolished. These results suggest that MCTR1 protects against LPS-induced sepsis in mice by attenuating pulmonary endothelial glycocalyx injury via the ALX/SIRT1/NF-κB/HPA pathway. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.OBJECTIVE To identify patient social risk factors associated with Continuity of Care (COC) index. DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS), the Dartmouth Institute, and Area Resource File for 2006-2013. STUDY DESIGN We use regression methods to assess the effect of patient social risk factors on COC after adjusting for medical complexity. In secondary analyses, we assess the effect of social risk factors on annual utilization of physicians and specialists for evaluation and management (E&M). DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS We retrospectively identified 59 499 patient years for Medicare beneficiaries with one year of enrollment and three or more E&M visits. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS After adjustment for medical complexity, individual-level social risk factors such as lack of education, low income, and living alone are all associated with better patient COC (P  less then  .05). Similarly, area-level social risk factors such as living in areas that are nonurban or high poverty, as well as in areas with low specialist or high primary care physician supply, are all associated with better patient COC (P  less then  .