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The present results suggest that the no observed adverse effect level of the mixture of Korean red ginseng and deer antler extract was greater than 2000 mg/kg/day in all rats after repeated oral administration for 13-week under the present study conditions. © Korean Society of Toxicology 2019.Background and Aims For updating growth references, large datasets are usually required; collection of these data are expensive and cumbersome. Using a combination of regression equations, Preece Baines model and global LMS values, synthetic growth references for the target population can be generated. The objective of this study is to compare growth references created from continuous anthropometric data using LMS method versus those created synthetically from anthropometric means at key ages. Methods De-identified data on 46421 children (26037 boys) from 0-18 years of age from several multicentric studies conducted by the authors' group (2007 to 2017) were included in this study; growth references were constructed using the LMS method. For the production of synthetic references, arithmetic means of heights and weights at key ages were used and global LMS values were used from literature. selleckchem Results There was no difference in the medians for height, weight and BMI between the references created by the two methods. The extreme percentile values for height were similar (P less then 0.05). However, the spread of values for weight and BMI was narrower in the synthetic references. Conclusion Growth references produced from continuous data differ from those produced synthetically using anthropometric means mainly at the extreme centiles for weight and body mass index; synthetic references take into consideration global trends over several decades. Copyright © 2020 Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism.Background As committed by India in Global Action Plan, Sustainable Development Goals and National Health Policy 2017, India has the responsibility to provide accessible, affordable noncommunicable disease care to the people. Our study aimed to find out the burden of cardiovascular risk factors among hypertension and diabetic patients, through a community-based screening, in a remote rural area of South India. Methods A special program named "Chunampet Rural-Cardiovascular Health Assessment and Management Program" (CR-CHAMP) was launched in August and September 2017 in a Rural Health Training Center (RHTC), functioning under a private medical college in South India. In this program, participants with hypertension (HT) and diabetes (DM) were line listed from 10 remote villages, and then history, initial biochemical, hormonal, and hematological screenings were done to assess the cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) risk factors among these patients, following which special consultation was offered in RHTC. Results Out of 415 eligible patients with HT and DM, 389 were approached; among them, 328 were willing to participate and were screened initially; among them, 235 were attended special consultation. Higher CVD risk was found in 21%. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease was 14%, deranged lipid profile was more than 50%, metabolic syndrome was 49%, anemia was 68%, abnormal waist-hip ratio was 56%, abdominal obesity was 59%, and overweight and obesity using body mass index (BMI) was 59%. Females' participation was more in our community-based screening procedure (66%) than male participation (34%). Conclusion CR-CHAMP demonstrated feasibility and value of implementing a screening program for high-risk individuals with HT and DM for CVD risk through existing primary care in a remote rural area of South India. This will help the National Program and policymakers to plan for interventions in the remote rural area in future. Copyright © 2020 Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism.Objective To assess the levels of vitamin D in patients with Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI) in gynecology clinic of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. Materials and Methods This is a cross sectional study on a total of 40 women presenting to gynecology outpatient department with stress urinary incontinence diagnosed by history and examination. The women were divided with moderate, severe and very severe SUI confirmed by incontinence severity index (ISI) and pad test. Vitamin D (serum 25 OH D) levels were measured in all cases by electrochemiluminenscene Immunoassay (ECLIA) using Roche Elecsys 2010 and levels of =30 ng/ml were taken as sufficient while levels between 20-30 ng/ml as insufficient and 30ng/ml) in 3 (7.57%) women. There was no significant correlation between severely of SUI and levels of vitamin D with Vit D being 19.18±5.76 ng/ml in moderate SUI, 16.96±9.03 ng/ml in severe SUI and 13.60 ± 2.09 ng/ml in very severe SUI. Conclusion There was very high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in SUI patients with 75% patients showing deficient levels and 17.5% showing insufficient levels in SUI patients. There is need to provide vitamin D supplementation in such women. Copyright © 2020 Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism.Background Diabetes is one of the main reasons of the increase of morbidity and mortality around the world. Considering the burden of disease, self-medication can result in irrecoverable consequences. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of educational intervention based on Beliefs, Attitudes, Subjective Norms and Enabling Factors (BASNEF) model on self-medication behaviors of type 2 diabetic patients in Fasa, Fars province, Iran, in 2017-2018. Materials and Methods In this quasi-experimental study, 200 type 2 diabetic patients under cover of the diabetes center of Fasa were investigated (100 patients for experimental group and 100 patients for control group). A questionnaire investigating demographic information and BASNEF Model constructs (knowledge, attitude, enabling factors, subjective norms, and behavioral intention) was used for evaluating self-medication behaviors of patients before and 3 months after intervention. Results The average age of experimental group was 53.25 ± 8.42 and the average age of control group was 54.18 ± 8.13. Three months after intervention, experimental group showed significant enhancement in knowledge, attitude, enabling factors, subjective norms, and behavioral intention and their self-medication behaviors reduced, while control group showed no significant changes in mentioned factors. Conclusion The present study indicated the efficiency of BASNEF model on reduction of self-medication behaviors of diabetic patients. Hence, this model can act as a framework for designing and implementing educational interventions in this field. Copyright © 2020 Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism.