Lysgaardbean5635

Purpose The purpose of this review is to evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of yoga for the reduction of symptoms of anxiety and depression in youth. To our knowledge, there are no systematic reviews to date looking at the reduction of symptoms of both anxiety and depression. Methods Numerous scientific databases were searched up to November 2018 for experimental studies assessing changes in symptoms of anxiety and/or depression in youths following yoga interventions. Quality and level of evidence were assessed, and information was synthesized across studies. Results Twenty-seven studies involving youth with varying health statuses were reviewed. Intervention characteristics varied greatly across studies revealing multiple factors that may impact intervention efficacy, however 70% of the studies overall showed improvements. For studies assessing anxiety and depression, 58% showed reductions in both symptoms, while 25% showed reductions in anxiety only. Additionally, 70% of studies assessing anxiety alone showed improvements and 40% of studies only assessing depression showed improvements. Conclusion The studies reviewed, while of weak to moderate methodological quality, showed that yoga, defined by the practice of postures, generally leads to some reductions in anxiety and depression in youth regardless of health status and intervention characteristics. Copyright © 2020 James-Palmer, Anderson, Zucker, Kofman and Daneault.Simulation has emerged as an effective solution to increasing modern constraints in surgical training. It is recognized that a larger proportion of surgical complications occur during the surgeon's initial learning curve. The simulation takes the learning curve out of the operating theatre and facilitates training in a safe and pressure-free environment whilst focusing on patient safety. The cost of simulation is not insignificant and requires commitment in funding, human resources and logistics. It is therefore important for trainers to have evidence when selecting various simulators or devices. Our non-systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive up-to-date picture on urology simulators and the evidence for their validity. It also discusses emerging technologies and future directions. Urologists should embed evidence-based simulation in training programs to shorten learning curves while maintaining patient safety and work should be directed toward a validated and agreed curriculum. © 2020 Kozan et al.Human rhinovirus (HRV) is a major trigger of acute exacerbations of both asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The airway epithelium is the primary site of HRV infection, and responds by releasing proinflammatory and antimicrobial cytokines. Epithelial cells release IL-17C in response to exposure to bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens. We previously demonstrated a role for HRV in IL-17C production from undifferentiated epithelial cells, and showed that IL-17C could play a role in neutrophil recruitment. To extend these observations, highly differentiated human bronchial epithelial cells (HBE) were infected apically with HRV to assess the effect of dose, time, viral replication, and strain on the IL-17C response. TGF-beta cancer Cellular lysates, and basolateral and apical secretions were analyzed for IL-17C and CXCL1 protein release following HRV or IL-17C stimulation. Upon HRV infection, IL-17C protein was exclusively released basolaterally in a dose-, time-, and viral replication-dependent manner. Several strains of rhinovirus were capable of inducing IL-17C release. Enriched columnar epithelial cell populations contained significantly higher viral titer, and expressed significantly more IL-17C mRNA than enriched basal cell populations. In addition, the kinetic profile of IL-17C release following HRV treatment closely mimics viral shedding kinetics, further implicating the role of rhinovirus replication in IL-17C production. Basolateral treatment of HBEs with IL-17C resulted in a dose-dependent increase in basolateral CXCL1 production. In summary, replicating rhinovirus drives basolateral IL-17C protein release from both apical and basal epithelial cells, which may then act in an autocrine/paracrine manner to promote basolateral CXCL1 protein release. Copyright © 2020 Jamieson, Wiehler, Michi and Proud.Schistosomiasis remains a serious parasitic disease, which is characterized by granulomatous inflammation and hepatic fibrosis. MicroRNAs derived from parasites can regulate host genes and cell phenotype. Here, we showed that a miRNA derived from S. japonicum (Sja-miR-1) exists in the hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) of mice infected with the parasite and up-regulates the expression of collagens and α-SMA by targeting secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1). A vector-mediated delivery of Sja-miR-1 into naive mice led to hepatic fibrogenesis in the mice. Accordingly, inhibition of Sja-miR-1 in the infected mice led to reduction of the parasite-induced hepatic fibrosis. The mechanism behind the Sja-miR-1-mediated activation of HSC could be through targeting SFRP1 to regulate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. These findings reveal that parasite-derived small non-coding RNAs are implicated in cross-species regulation of host pathological process and persistent inhibition of Sja-miR-1 may provide a therapeutic potential for the parasite diseases. Copyright © 2020 Wang, Fan, Lei, He, Wang, Luo, Zhang and Pan.Hantaan virus (HTNV), a Hantavirus serotype that is prevalent in Asia, causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) with high mortality in human race. However, the pathogenesis of HTNV infection remains elusive. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a new type of non-coding RNAs, play a crucial role in various pathogenic processes. Nevertheless, circRNA expression profiles and their effects on pathogenesis of HTNV infection are still completely unknown. In the present study, RNA sequencing was performed to analyze the circRNA, microRNA (miRNA), and mRNA expression profiles in HTNV-infected and mock-infected human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). A total of 70 circRNAs, 66 miRNAs, and 788 mRNAs were differently expressed. Several differentially expressed RNAs were validated by RT-qPCR. Moreover, we verified that some differentially expressed RNAs, such as circ_0000479, miR-149-5p, miR-330-5p, miR-411-3p, RIG-I, CMPK2, PARP10, and GBP1, promoted or inhibited HTNV replication. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis demonstrated that the host genes of differentially expressed circRNAs were principally involved in the innate immune response, the type I interferon (IFN) signaling pathway, and the cytokine-mediated signaling pathway.