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The biochemical homeostasis alterations were well correlated with the estimations of cholinesterase enzyme levels in the brain tissues (p less then 0.05) along with DNA damage analysis (Comet) carried out in the blood cells (p less then 0.05). These above results are well corroborated with the histopathological findings performed in the brain tissue, along with the increased upregulation seen in the Nrf2 signalling, with all the flavonoid co-treatment carried in the kidney tissue. The administration of BCA, phloretin, and EGCG, in a major way, reversed the alterations in the abovementioned parameters in the arsenic-intoxicated mice. Our findings revealed the beneficial effects of the flavonoids against the arsenic-induced toxicity, due to their ability to enhance the intracellular antioxidant response system by modulating the Nrf2 signaling pathway.Industrial processes and mining of coal and metal ores are generating a number of threats by polluting natural water bodies. Contamination of heavy metals (HMs) in water and soil is the most serious problem caused by industrial and mining processes and other anthropogenic activities. The available literature suggests that existing conventional technologies are costly and generated hazardous waste that necessitates disposal. So, there is a need for cheap and green approaches for the treatment of such contaminated wastewater. Bioremediation is considered a sustainable way where fungi seem to be good bioremediation agents to treat HM-polluted wastewater. ABBV-2222 Fungi have high adsorption and accumulation capacity of HMs and can be potentially utilized. The most important biomechanisms which are involved in HM tolerance and removal by fungi are bioaccumulation, bioadsorption, biosynthesis, biomineralisation, bioreduction, bio-oxidation, extracellular precipitation, intracellular precipitation, surface sorption, etc. which vary from species to species. However, the time, pH, temperature, concentration of HMs, the dose of fungal biomass, and shaking rate are the most influencing factors that affect the bioremediation of HMs and vary with characteristics of the fungi and nature of the HMs. In this review, we have discussed the application of fungi, involved tolerance and removal strategies in fungi, and factors affecting the removal of HMs.The development and utilization of magnetic nanoadsorption materials with large adsorption capacity and easy separation are the research hotspot nowadays. In this study, nanosheet-assembled maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) magnetic microspheres were successfully synthesized by an environmental friendly, quick, and simple method, for enhanced Sb(III) removal from aqueous solution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) were used to characterize the material. The results showed that the product contained flower-like γ-Fe2O3 microspheres composed of petal-shaped nanosheets interspersed with each other. The specific surface area and pore volume were 69.23 m2/g and 0.15 cm3/g, respectively. The material has a strong magnetic response, which allows rapid solid-liquid separation under the action of an external magnetic field. The effects of different dosages, solution pH, and contact time on the adsorption effect were studied by batch adsorption experiments, and the reusability of the materials was evaluated. Both Freundlich isothermal adsorption model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model were able to describe the uptake of Sb(III). The maximum adsorption capacity of the material was 47.48 mg/g under optimal conditions. The adsorption mechanism is mainly that Sb and lattice oxygen (OX2-) form Fe-O-Sb coordination bonds, which is incorporated into the crystal structure of γ-Fe2O3 as inner-sphere surface complexes. The synthetic material has the advantage of simple preparation process, good adsorption capacity, operation over a wide range of pH, and easy physical separation from treatment systems with good potential for future application to treat polluted wastewater.A novel adsorbent with excellent adsorptive properties for fluoride was prepared through a green and cheap synthesis route. Populus caspica pruning wastes, a cheap agri-waste material, were reduced to multi-layer green graphene (MLG) and then post-modified to aluminum/iron modified multi-layer green graphene (AMLG and IMLG). Batch experiments revealed the effect of pH (3-11), contact time (0.5-12 h), and initial fluoride concentration (5-40 mg/L). The conversion of raw material to MLG increased the specific surface area about 120 times (from 4 to 475 m2/g). Furthermore, a significant improvement in zero points of charge (pHzpc) was attained for IMLG (7.1) and AMLG (8) compared with pristine MLG (4.3). Fluoride showed superior affinity to AMLG and IMLG compared with MLG. Fluoride removal increased gradually by pH from 3 to 8 and then decreased sharply up to pH 11. The study of process dynamics demonstrated the monolayer fluoride adsorption onto AMLG and IMLG controlled by the chemisorptions. The highest predicted adsorption capacities based on the Langmuir model were 31.52, 47.01, and 53.76 mg/g for MLG, IMLG, and AMLG, respectively. Considering economic and technical feasibility presents AMLG and IMLG as a promising candidate against water contamination by elevated fluoride. Graphical abstract.This paper aims to define the effects of military expenses and renewable energy consumption on carbon dioxide emissions for the ten countries with the highest military expenses, namely, Saudi Arabia, Israel, Russia, the USA, South Korea, India, France, Australia, China, and the UK from 1993 to 2017. The research applied the common correlated effects mean group estimator (CCEMG), dynamic CCEMG, and cross-sectional augmented autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) approaches. These dynamic techniques elucidate slope heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependency and solve the problem of unit root bias. It is found that the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis does not apply for this region. The findings demonstrate that military expenses increase carbon dioxide emissions; thus, the treadmill theory of destruction is valid for the panel of these countries, and it is also found that the consumption of sustainable energy decreases CO2 emissions. This suggests that a reduction in pollution can be achieved by increasing sustainable energies in the use of military vehicles to decrease emissions.