Langejustice2382

The effective dose of the pediatric extraoral bitewing is three to 11 times higher than that of the intraoral bitewing and comparable to the traditional panoramic radiograph of a pediatric phantom. Pediatric extraoral bitewing radiation protection guidelines are recommended.Purpose The prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization in the United States is unknown. The condition is defined via the presence of demarcated opacities of varying color, porous enamel, advanced susceptibility or progression of dental caries, and sensitivity. The purpose of this study was to establish the prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in Pittsburgh, Pa., USA. Methods A total of 104 patients (64 females and 40 males ranging in age from seven to 32 years) from the University of Pittsburgh were screened for the clinical signs of MIH between May 15 and July 31, 2019. MIH was defined according to international guidelines. Results A total of 9.6 percent of patients screened presented with the clinical signs of MIH; 15.4 percent of patients screened presented with clinical signs aligning with dental fluorosis. Conclusions Molar incisor hypomineralization is prevalent and clinically relevant in Pittsburgh. American clinicians should start recording the diagnoses of MIH to facilitate establishing national prevalence data and increase knowledge and treatment.Purpose Fisher-Owens et al. described the diverse family-level factors influencing children's oral health, but few studies have investigated these relationships using longitudinal data. This study investigated the association between family and child oral health using the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC), a cross-sequential dual cohort study. Methods A total of 10,090 children were recruited at baseline, and seven waves of data are available. Children's parents or guardians reported experiences of dental caries and injury. Data were used to model family-level predictors with generalized estimating equations. mTOR signaling pathway Results In the final model, predictors of dental caries over time were younger mothers (odds ratio [OR] equals 1.37, 95 percent confidence interval [95% CI] equals 1.01 to 1.87) and lower parental education (OR equals 1.24, 95% CI equals 1.10 to 1.39). Other significant factors were poor parental health, parents smoking, English as the main language, and Indigenous parents. Parents with consistent parenting styles protected against caries. Predictors of dental injury included socioeconomic status and parental age. Conclusions This study highlighted a number of significant family-level constructs that predict dental caries and injury. Understanding the influence of family provides evidence to warrant investigation into tailored interventions targeting young mothers, common health risk factors, and parenting styles.Purpose To assess the prevalence of dental pain in preschool children through the Brazilian Dental Discomfort Questionnaire (DDQ-B) and its association with dental caries, its severity, and socioeconomic factors. Methods The study included 485 three- to four-year-olds who attended the National Day of Children's Vaccination in São Paulo, Brazil. Parents answered the DDQ-B and questions of socioeconomic conditions. Calibrated dentists assessed dental caries using the decayed, missing, and filled primary teeth (dmft) index and its severity using the pulpal involvement, ulceration of mucosa due to root fragments, fistula, and abscess (PUFA) index. Poisson regression with robust variance was used with a level of significance of five percent. Results The prevalence of dental pain was 11.8 percent. Dental pain was associated with a prevalence of dental caries (prevalence ratio [PR] equals 2.47; 95 percent confidence interval [95% CI] equals 1.33 to 4.58; P=0.004) and severe caries (PR equals 2.98; 95% CI equals 1.39 to 6.39; P=0.005). Socioeconomic factors were not associated with dental pain. Conclusions The prevalence of dental pain in preschool children is relevant when assessed through the Brazilian Dental Discomfort Questionnaire. Dental pain is associated with dental caries prevalence and its severity. Socioeconomic factors were not associated with dental pain.Purpose This cross-sectional study evaluated the acceptability and demand for therapy dog support in pediatric dentistry (TDSPD). Methods Caregiver surveys measured acceptability and demand for TDSPD using a five-point Likert scale (one equals "not at all", five equals "very much"). Provider surveys measured acceptability for TDSPD using a five-point Likert scale. Scores of four or five were regarded as positive. Surveys were administered in the pediatric dental clinic at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. Results The mean±SD of acceptability and demand from the caregiver survey was 4.67±0.96 and 3.86±1.61, respectively. Ninety percent (n equals 174) of caregivers indicated acceptability for TDSPD to support their child. Sixty-eight percent (n equals 130) of caregivers indicated demand for TDSPD. The mean±SD of acceptability from the provider survey was 3.63±1.50. Sixty-two percent (n equals 47) of provider survey respondents accepted the overall integration of therapy dogs to support patients. Thematic analysis of the qualitative provider responses yielded concerns for risk of accident (36 percent), infection control (50 percent), and clinic efficiency (33 percent). Caregiver survey qualitative responses were positive (68 percent), with respondents also sharing concerns for efficiency and zoonosis. Conclusions Responses support the acceptability of and demand for therapy dog support in pediatric dentistry.Providing postoperative analgesia to rats by oral administration, compared with injections, reduces stress from frequent handling and is technically easier for investigators. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether bacon-flavored tablets containing gabapentin, carprofen or a combination of both drugs effectively attenuates postoperative mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity in a rat model of incisional pain. Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 treatment groups placebo tablet; a single, subcutaneous injection of buprenorphine sustained release at 1.2 mg/kg; gabapentin 90 mg/tablet; carprofen 5 mg/tablet; gabapentin 90 mg and carprofen 5 mg/tablet (gabapentin/carprofen). Tablets were given to rats on days -3, -2, -1, 0 (surgery), 1, and 2. Rats were anesthetized using isoflurane. A 1 cm skin incision was made aseptically on the plantar surface of the left hindpaw and closed by using suture. Mechanical (von Frey monofilament) and thermal (Hargreaves method) hypersensitivity were tested daily, and analyzed on days -1, 1, 2, and 3.