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In the United States, human papillomavirus (HPV) catch-up vaccination has been nationally recommended for women and men of different ages. We surveyed national networks of primary care physicians specializing in family medicine, pediatrics, and internal medicine to assess attitudes about HPV vaccination. Of 785 physicians, 730 (93.0%), were in favor of a change to harmonize the recommended catch-up vaccination age across genders; the most commonly cited reason was to simplify the immunization schedule (97.9%). After considering these and other data, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices updated national policy to recommend catch-up vaccination for all persons through age 26 years. Published by Elsevier Ltd.BACKGROUND Through test negative designs for visiting a doctor because of influenza-like illness, many studies have found decreasing efficacy of repeated vaccination. Furthermore, waning effectiveness during interseason periods has been reported. This study was conducted to confirm negative effects of repeated vaccination in individuals with the same vaccine strain and to measure waning effects. METHODS Our cohort includes 66 participants older than 65 years old recruited from an outpatient department of one hospital. All were vaccinated, with hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titers measured from 2001/02 season through the 2003/04 season. HI antibody titers were measured three times in one season pre-vaccination, post-vaccination, and post-epidemic. To test negative effects of immune response to the repeated vaccination, differences between protection rates and differences between response rates were analyzed for individuals in the two consecutive seasons. For the test of waning effectiveness, we meat waning effectiveness during the interseason for individuals with the same strain of influenza type A. The proportion of elderly people with HI antibody titers of ≥140 might be maintained by repeated influenza vaccination. Tinea capitis comprising of tinea favosa and kerion is mostly seen in school-aged children. Some tinea capitis often presented with insignificant findings under the naked eyes are easily overlooked. The authors describe an unusual case of tinea capitis caused by Trichophyton violaceum. The patient was an 8-year-old girl, with a history of pruritus on the scalp for more than one year. A diagnosis of tinea capitis was confirmed by clinical examination aided by dermoscopy, calcium fluorescent microscopy and culture. Comma and corkscrew hairs are two specific dermoscopic patterns of tinea capitis. The patient was treated with systemic itraconazole, topical application with 1% naftifine 0.25% ketoconazole cream followed after daily hair wash with 2% ketoconazole shampoo for 8 weeks. L.U.A 44-year-old male patient presented with nodules that evolved with inflammation, following drainage of seropurulent secretion and ulceration. The patient had a 6 year-history of alcohol addiction.and reported contact with cats. At the physical examination, the patient had skin-colored and erythematous nodules, and ulcers covered with thick, blackened crusts on the face, trunk and limbs. A culture of a nodule fluid revealed growth of Sporotrix sp. He also had pulmonary involvement and therefore the disease was classified as systemic sporotrichosis, a rare form that usually affect patients infected with HIV. Chronic alcohol abuse was considered the factor of immunosuppression for the patient. BACKGROUND Tattooing is among identified risk factor for blood-borne diseases. OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine the prevalence of tattooing during lifetime and in prisons and its related factors among Iranian prisoners. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study. The required data was obtained from hepatitis B and C surveillance surveys in prisons in 2015-2016 that was collected through face-to-face interview. 12,800 prisoners were selected by multi-stage random sampling from 55 prisons of 19 provinces in Iran. Weighted prevalence and associated factors (using Chi-Square test and multivariate logistic regression) were determined by Stata/SE 14.0 survey package. RESULTS Out of 12,800 prisioners, 11,988 participated in the study (93.6% participation rate). The prevalence of tattooing in lifetime and in prisons was 44.7% and 31.1% respectively. The prevalence of tattooing during lifetime was significantly associated with age less then 35 years, being single, illiteracy, history of imprisonment, drug use, piercing during lifetime, extramarital sex and history of STI; the prevalence of tattooing in prison had a significant association with history of imprisonment, drug use, piercing in prison, and history of extramarital sex (p less then 0.05). STUDY LIMITATIONS Information and selection bias was one of the study limitations. CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that the prevalence of tattooing during lifetime and in prison among prisoners was significantly high especially in high-risk groups such as drug users and sexually active subjects. Given the role of tattooing, drug injection and sex in the transmission of blood-borne diseases, harm reduction programs are recommended to reduce these high-risk behaviors in prisons. TPCA-1 concentration L.U.In situations in when a dermoscopic record of a large lesion is desirable, the resulting images are usually restricted to a small field of view due to the limited diameter of dermatoscope lenses. This limitation often produces several photographs separately, thus losing the possibility of a single-image global evaluation. In these case reports, we show examples of a recently published image montage technique called Wide Area Digital Dermoscopy, in this case, applied to basal cell carcinomas. OBJECTIVE Gynecologic oncology includes increasing percentages of women. This study characterizes representation of faculty by gender and subspecialty in academic department leadership roles relevant to the specialty. METHODS The American Association of Medical Colleges accredited schools of medicine were identified. Observational data was obtained through institutional websites in 2019. RESULTS 144 accredited medical schools contained a department of obstetrics and gynecology with a chair; 101 a gynecologic oncology division with a director; 98 a clinical cancer center with a director. Women were overrepresented in academic faculty roles compared to the US workforce (66 vs 57%, p 20 (85.7 vs 61.4%, p  less then  0.01); and a woman gynecologic oncology division director (57.6 vs 29.4%, p  less then  0.01; 68.4 vs 31.7%, p  less then  0.01) and gynecologic oncology fellowship (50 vs 30.4%, p  less then  0.01; 59.1 vs 32%, p  less then  0.01). Gynecologic oncology leadership within cancer centers was below expected when incidence and mortality to leadership ratios were examined (p  less then  0.