Pittmanbirch7456

Our data provides a proof-of-concept that enables further studies in vivo with this delivery platform. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.BACKGROUND Non-digestible oligosaccharides are versatile sources of chemical diversity, well known for their prebiotic actions, found naturally in plants or produced by chemical or enzymatic synthesis or by hydrolysis of polysaccharides. Compared to polyphenols or even polysaccharides the antioxidant potential of oligosaccharides is still unexplored. The aim of the present work was provide an up-to-date, broad and critical contribution on the topic of antioxidant oligosaccharides. METHODS The search was performed by crossing the words oligosaccharides and antioxidant. Whenever possible attempts at establishing correlations between chemical structure and antioxidant activity were undertaken. RESULTS The most representative in vitro and in vivo studies were compiled in two tables. Chitooligosaccharides and xylooligosaccharides and their derivatives were the most studied up to now. The antioxidant activities of oligosaccharides depend on the degree of polymerization and on the method used for depolymerization. Other factors influencing the antioxidant strength are solubility, monosaccharide composition, the type of glycosidic linkages of the side chains, molecular weight, reducing sugar content, the presence of phenolic groups such as ferulic acid, and the presence of uronic acid, among others. Modification of the antioxidant capacity of oligosaccharides has been achieved by adding diverse organic groups to their structures, thus increasing also the spectrum of potentially useful molecules. CONCLUSION A great amount of high quality evidence has been accumulating during the last decade in support to a meaningful antioxidant activity of oligosaccharides and derivatives. Ingestion of antioxidant oligosaccharides can be visualized as beneficial to human and animal health. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid which represents one of the constituents of the "phytocomplex" of Cannabis sativa. This natural compound is attracting growing interest since when CBD-based remedies and commercial products were marketed. This review aims at exhaustively addressing the extractive and analytical approaches that have been developed for the isolation and quantification of CBD. Recent updates on cutting-edge technologies were critically examined in terms of yield, sensitivity, flexibility and performances in general, and are reviewed alongside original representative results. As an add-on to currently available contributions in the literature, the evolution of novel, efficient synthetic approaches for the preparation of CBD, a procedure which is appealing for the pharmaceutical industry, is also discussed. Moreover, given the increasing interest on the therapeutic potential of CBD and the limited understanding of the undergoing biochemical pathways, the reader will be updated about recent in silico studies on the molecular interactions of CBD towards several different targets attempting to fill this gap. Computational data retrieved from the literature have been integrated with novel in silico experiments, critically discussed to provide a comprehensive and updated overview on the undebatable potential of CBD and its therapeutic profile. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), members of the Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, play a key role in the pathogenesis of many diseases including cancer, inflammation, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes. Therefore, JNKs represent new and excellent target by therapeutic agents. Many JNK inhibitors based on different molecular scaffolds have been discovered in the past decade. However, only a few of them have advanced to clinical trials. The major obstacle for the development of JNK inhibitors as therapeutic agents is the JNK-isoform selectivity. In this review, we describe the recent development of JNK inhibitors including ATP competitive and ATP non-competitive (allosteric) inhibitors, bidentate-binding inhibitors and dual inhibitors, the challenges, and future direction of JNK inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.OBJECTIVES Spontaneous splenorenal shuntis a type of portosystemic shunt that develops frequently in the setting of chronic portal hypertension. It remains controversial whether shuntinterventions during liver transplant improve transplant outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective comparison between deceased-donor liver transplant recipients who received spontaneous splenorenal shunt intervention and those who did not at a tertiary center between 2012 and 2017. Primary outcomes of interest included intraoperative transfusion requirement, hospital length of stay, acute kidney injury posttransplant, portal vein thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, and 1-year graft and patient survival. RESULTS Of 268 liver transplant recipients, 50 (18.6%) had large spontaneous splenorenal shunts pretransplant, with 45 patients having available radiologic and outcome data. MSC2530818 manufacturer Nine of 45 patients (20%) received shunt intervention, including pretransplant balloonoccluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (n = 5), intra intervention, spontaneous splenorenal shunt predominantly persisted 1 year posttransplant.Patients with glycogen storage diseases pose unique management challenges to clinicians.These challenges are exacerbated wheneverthey undergo surgery as the basic anomaly in their glycogen storage pathways make them susceptible to organic acidosis, which may in turn complicate their preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative course. Because of the rarity of these diseases, clinicians may not be aware of the specific management concerns. In the case reported here, a 37-year-old patient with glycogen storage disease type 1 underwentleft hepatectomy for hepatic adenomatosis, which was complicated by intraoperative severe lactic acidosis that was successfully treated. After successful hepatectomy, the patient underwent liver transplant without major lactic acidosis or hemodynamic instability. Early recognition and aggressive management of blood sugar and lactic acidosis in patients with glycogen storage diseases can allow for successful outcomes even when complex surgical procedures are required.