Klosterdaniel7585

CONTEXT The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation sought to review the initial management of non-vigorous newborns delivered through meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF). OBJECTIVE To complete a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing endotracheal intubation and suctioning to immediate resuscitation without intubation for non-vigorous infants born at ≥34 weeks gestation delivered through MSAF. DATA SOURCES Medline, EMBASE, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and other registries were searched from 1966 to November 7, 2019. STUDY SELECTION Studies were selected by pairs of independent reviewers in 2 stages. DATA EXTRACTION Reviewers extracted data, appraised risk of bias, and assessed Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation certainty of evidence for each outcome. RESULTS Four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) included 581 patients and one observational study included 231 patients. No significant differences were observed between the group treated with tracheal suctioning compared with immediate resuscitation for survival at discharge (4 RCTs; risk ratio [RR] = 1.01; 95 % CI, 0.96-1.06; p = 0.69; observational study; no deaths), hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy and meconium aspiration syndrome. LIMITATIONS The certainty of evidence was low for survival at discharge and very low for all other outcomes. CONCLUSIONS For non-vigorous newborns delivered through MSAF, there is insufficient evidence to suggest routine immediate direct laryngoscopy with tracheal suctioning. PROSPERO CRD42019122778. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION PROSPERO; CRD42019122778. It remains unclear whether the rhythmic processes of chewing and gait synchronize during concurrent execution in humans. To evaluate the entrainment of chewing rhythm by gait speed, we measured electromyography from the masseter and tibialis anterior muscles during chewing at a habitual rhythm while walking on a linear treadmill in 12 healthy volunteers. Vertical movement of the head was also measured using an accelerometer. Each 5-min session included gait tasks using a treadmill at three speeds Auto the participant's self-selected gait speed, High Auto × 1.3, and Low Auto ÷ 1.3. Electromyography from the masseter muscles were also measured during chewing while stationary (Chew-Only). Chewing rhythm during walking was the same as that for head movement, occurring at twice the speed of the walking rhythm, in nine participants (Low), eight participants (Auto), and eight participants (High). For these participants, chewing rhythm in the Auto and High conditions differed significantly from that in the Chew-Only condition. Significant differences in chewing rhythm were also observed among gait speeds　(Low vs. Auto vs. High). Our findings demonstrate that entrainment of habitual chewing rhythm to gait speed is a significant phenomenon, and that the dominant ratio of chewing-walking-head movement rhythms is 212. Artificial neural network (ANN) models can be trained to simulate the dynamic behavior of biological systems. In the present study, an ANN model was developed upon multilayer perceptron neural network architecture with 23-20-1 configuration to predict the cell concentration of microalga Chlorella vulgaris at a given time. Irradiance level, photoperiod, temperature, air flow rate, CO2 percentage of the air stream, initial cell concentration, cultivation time and the nutrient concentrations of the media were considered as the input variables of the model. Resilient backpropagation learning algorithm was used to train the model by means of 484 experimental data belonging to four studies. Bias and accuracy factors of the developed model fall into the range of 0.95-1.11 indicating the model has an excellent prediction ability. Parity plot showed a good agreement between the predicted and experimental values with R2 = 0.98. Relative importance of the inputs was evaluated using Garson's algorithm. The results of the study indicated that CO2 supply had the highest impact on the growth of C. vulgaris within the selected range of input parameters. Among macronutrients and micronutrients, highest influence was demonstrated by nitrogen and copper respectively. Alzheimer's disease (AD) as a progressive neurodegenerative disorder is one of the leading causes of death globally. Among all treatment approaches, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-based therapy is a promising modality for neurological disorders including the AD. This study aimed to magnetically deliver human Wharton's jelly-derived MSCs (WJ-MSCs) toward the hippocampal area within the AD rat's brain and determine the effects of them in cognitive improvement. Rats were randomly divided into five groups as follow vehicle-treated control, AD model (injection of 8 μg/kg of amyloid β 1-42), IV-NTC (treated with IV-injected Non-Targeted Cells), IV-TC (treated with IV-injected Targeted Cells), and ICV-NTC (treated with Intracerebroventricular-injected Non-Targeted Cells). WJ-MSCs were labeled with dextran-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (dex-SPIONs, 50 μg/ml), by bio-mimicry method. SPIONs-labeled MSCs were highly prussian blue positive with an intracellular iron concentration of 2.9 ± 0.08 pg/cell, which were successfully targeted into the hippocampus of AD rats by a halbach magnet array as magnetic targeted cell delivery (MTCD) technique. Presence of SPIONs-labeled cells in hippocampal area was proved by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in which signal intensity was reduced by increasing the number of these cells. Behavioral examinations showed that WJ-MSCs caused memory and cognitive improvement. Also, histological assessments showed functional improvement of hippocampal cells by expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Overall, this study indicates MTCD approach as an alternative in MSC-based regenerative medicine because it approximately has the same results as invasive directly ICV-injection method has. Macromolecular drugs, characterized by low stability and large molecular weight, still faced various difficulties by oral administration. And controlling drugs' release rate to reach the physiological concentration in the blood was recognized as one of the main challenges in this field but no studies are available so far. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of insulin release rate on its in vitro and in vivo behavior when other obstacles (drug stability, mucus penetration and retention in gastrointestinal tract) was firstly overcome. Using n-butylcyanoacrylate (BCA) as the carrier, insulin-loaded Poly (n-butylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles (Ins/PBCA NPs) were prepared by self-polymerization and the release rate of insulin was controlled by adjusting the mass ratio of Insulin/BCA. The NPs exhibited good stability in gastric fluid with controlled release in intestine and the release rate increased with the increase of Insulin/BCA mass ratio. see more All the Ins/PBCA NPs with different release rate showed excellent mucus penetration (>60%, 10 min) and strong gastrointestinal retention (~70%, 12 h).