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05), while the gnathion angle and first molar width values in G1 were significantly higher than those in G3 (P less then 0.05). The results in G2 were similar to those in G1, but the differences between G2 and G3 were greater than those between G1 and G3. There were no significant differences in the other measurements among the groups. CONCLUSION The mandibles of the subjects with impacted second molars were constricted in terms of the sagittal length and transverse width. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.AIMS To evaluate the potential use of synthetic oligonucleotides as a standard curve for proviral load (PVL) of HTLV-1 quantification in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of HTLV-1-infected individuals by qPCR analysis. METHODS AND RESULTS Synthetic oligonucleotides based on HTLV-1 genome were customized to use as a standard curve. Twelve anti-HTLV-1 positive samples with known HTLV-1 PVL, previously quantified by qPCR assay using TARL-2 cells as a conventional standard curve, were submitted to the new protocol. The proviral quantification levels had a high concordance with qPCR results using a conventional standard curve. The results demonstrate that the conventional standard curve can be replaced by a synthetic standard curve due to its ability to quantification based on the linearity and qPCR efficiency and similar results with a validated qPCR assay using a conventional standard curve. CONCLUSIONS Synthetic oligonucleotides standard curves could be a very useful tool on HTLV-1 diagnosis and absolute HTLV-1 PVL quantification. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY HTLV-1 PVL determination using synthetic oligonucleotides standard curve by qPCR could be a helpful alternative for the laboratories that monitor infected patients as an important prognostic factor in HTLV-1 associated diseases progression. Also, it can decrease costs and overcome the biological limitations of the plasmid curve. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.An efficient application of a material is only possible if we know its physical and chemical properties, a factual examination of which is frequently obstructed by the presence of micro- or macroscopic inclusions of secondary phases. While sometimes a sophisticated synthesis route can address this issue, very often obtaining pure material is simply not possible. One example is TaGeIr, which exhibits highly sample-dependent properties. This can be explained by the presence of several impurity phases, which influence electronic transport in the material. The effect of these minorities can be avoided by manufacturing with the help of focused-ion-beam a mm-scale device containing only one phase - TaGeIr. This work provides evidence for intrinsic semiconducting behavior of TaGeIr and serves as an example of selective single-domain device manufacturing. The micro-device approach gives a unique opportunity to access inherent properties for compounds that cannot be synthesized in single-phase form, sparing costly and time-consuming synthesis efforts. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.OBJECTIVE To evaluate the superficial surgical site infection (SSI) rate to 28 days and patient satisfaction with wound coverage management when their transverse suprapubic Caesarean wound is left exposed compared to dressed after skin closure DESIGN Randomised trial SETTING University Hospital, Malaysia April 2016-October 2016 POPULATION 331 women delivered by Caesarean section METHOD Participants were randomised to leaving their wound entirely exposed (n=165) or dressed (n=166) with a low adhesive dressing (next day removal) MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcomes were superficial SSI rate (assessed by provider inspection up to hospital discharge and telephone questionnaires on Day 14 and 28) and patient satisfaction with wound coverage management before hospital discharge RESULTS The superficial SSI rates were 2/153(1.3%) versus 5/157(3.2%) RR 0.4 95%CI 0.1-2.1; P=0.45 and patient satisfaction with wound management were 7[5-8] vs. 7[5-8]; P=0.81 in exposed compared with dressed arms respectively. In the wound-exposed arm, stated preference for wound exposure significantly increased from 35.5% to 57.5% whereas in the wound-dressed arm, the stated preference for a dressed wound fell from 48.5% to 34.4% when assessed at recruitment (pre-randomisation) to at Day 28. There were no significant differences in inpatient additional dressing or gauze use for wound care, post-hospital discharge self-reported wound issues of infection, antibiotics, redness and inflammation, swollen, painful, and fluid leakage to Day 28 across trial arms. CONCLUSION The trial is underpowered as SSI rates were lower than expected. Nevertheless, caesarean wounds left exposed appears not to carry detrimental effects, provided patient counseling to manage expectations is undertaken. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Rechargeable aqueous zinc batteries (RAZB) have been re-evaluated because of the superiority in addressing safety and cost concerns. Nonetheless, the limited lifespan arising from dendritic electrodeposition of metallic Zn hinders their further development. C75 trans clinical trial Herein, a metal-organic framework (MOF) was constructed as front surface layer to maintain a super-saturated electrolyte layer on the Zn anode. Raman spectroscopy indicated that the highly coordinated ion complexes migrating through the MOF channels were different from the solvation structure in bulk electrolyte. Benefiting from the unique super-saturated front surface, symmetric Zn cells survived up to 3000 hours at 0.5 mA cm-2 , near 55-times that of bare Zn anodes. Moreover, aqueous MnO2 -Zn batteries delivered a reversible capacity of 180.3 mAh g-1 and maintained a high capacity retention of 88.9 % after 600 cycles with MnO2 mass loading up to 4.2 mg cm-2 . © 2020 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.OBJECTIVES The Korean Medication Algorithm Project for Bipolar Disorder (KMAP-BP) is based on expert consensus and has been revised five times since 2002. This study evaluated the changes in treatment strategies advocated by the KMAP-BP over time. METHODS The five editions of the KMAP-BP were reviewed, and the recommendations of the KMAP-BP were compared with those of other bipolar disorder (BP) treatment guidelines. RESULTS The most preferred option for the initial treatment of mania was a combination of a mood stabilizer (MS) and an atypical antipsychotic (AAP). Either MS or AAP monotherapy was also considered a first-line strategy for mania, but not for all types of episodes, including mixed/psychotic mania. In general, although lithium and valproic acid were commonly recommended, valproic acid has been increasingly preferred for all phases of BP. The most notable changes over time included the increasing preference for AAPs for all phases of BP, and lamotrigine for the depressive and maintenance phases. The use of antidepressants for BP has gradually decreased, but still represents a first-line option for severe and psychotic depression.