Reesgray7675

The fine particles are considered a significant environmental pollution problem. The wet electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) are now used most widely among the advanced fine particle removal technologies. The rigid glass fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) collectors modified with hole-slotted structures were used to enhance the water film distribution over their surfaces. This paper experimentally investigated the effects of the hole-slot patterns and the operating parameters on the particle removal performance in wet ESPs using the hole-slot-structured collector. The voltage-current characteristics and the energy consumption among the different pattern collectors were discussed. Besides, the effects of the water film on the particle number concentration classification and the effects of the applied voltage and the specific collecting electrode areas (SCA) on the relative collection efficiency (RCE) were investigated and discussed. The experiment results show that the corona current of three hole-slot structured nce the water film distribution over their surfaces. The hole-slot-structured FRP collectors were appropriate for the working conditions of high SCA and long residence time. When the water film in the hole and slotted structures was incomplete, the fine particles could pass through the collector plate to form secondary back-mixing.Extensive discriminatory attitudes in a population can affect people's willingness to be tested for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), their initiation of antiretroviral therapy, social support as well as the quality of life of people infected with HIV. This study aimed to assess factors associated with discriminatory attitudes towards people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Secondary data analysis was conducted using data from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic Health Survey. ATR inhibitor A total of 26,623 adult populations were included. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with discriminatory attitudes. The proportion of participants having discriminatory attitudes towards PLWHA was 93.8% among men and 64.5% among women. This study revealed that rural residence, no formal education, lack of media access, not previously tested for HIV and lack of comprehensive HIV knowledge increase the odds of having discriminatory attitudes. In conclusion, there is a high-level discriminatory attitude towards PLWHA. Improvement in HIV-related knowledge and dealing with wrong perceptions and myths are extremely vital to reduce discriminatory attitudes towards HIV-infected people. Information, education and communication programmes need to intensify its educational campaigns to dispel these misconceptions.We introduce a compartmental host-vector model for dengue with two viral strains, temporary cross-immunity for the hosts, and possible secondary infections. We study the conditions on existence of endemic equilibria where one strain displaces the other or the two virus strains co-exist. Since the host and vector epidemiology follow different time scales, the model is described as a slow-fast system. We use the geometric singular perturbation technique to reduce the model dimension. We compare the behaviour of the full model with that of the model with a quasi-steady approximation for the vector dynamics. We also perform numerical bifurcation analysis with parameter values from the literature and compare the bifurcation structure to that of previous two-strain host-only models.Rationale Rhinovirus (RV) C can cause asymptomatic infection and respiratory illnesses ranging from the common cold to severe wheezing.Objectives To identify how age and other individual-level factors are associated with susceptibility to RV-C illnesses.Methods Longitudinal data from the COAST (Childhood Origins of Asthma) birth cohort study were analyzed to determine relationships between age and RV-C infections. Neutralizing antibodies specific for RV-A and RV-C (three types each) were determined using a novel PCR-based assay. Data were pooled from 14 study cohorts in the United States, Finland, and Australia, and mixed-effects logistic regression was used to identify factors related to the proportion of RV-C versus RV-A detection.Measurements and Main Results In COAST, RV-A and RV-C infections were similarly common in infancy, whereas RV-C was detected much less often than RV-A during both respiratory illnesses and scheduled surveillance visits (P  less then  0.001, χ2) in older children. The prevalence of neutralizing antibodies to RV-A or RV-C types was low (5-27%) at the age of 2 years, but by the age of 16 years, RV-C seropositivity was more prevalent (78% vs. 18% for RV-A; P  less then  0.0001). In the pooled analysis, the RV-C to RV-A detection ratio during illnesses was significantly related to age (P  less then  0.0001), CDHR3 genotype (P  less then  0.05), and wheezing illnesses (P  less then  0.05). Furthermore, certain RV types (e.g., C2, C11, A78, and A12) were consistently more virulent and prevalent over time.Conclusions Knowledge of prevalent RV types, antibody responses, and populations at risk based on age and genetics may guide the development of vaccines or other novel therapies against this important respiratory pathogen.ABSTRACT Biohythane (hydrogen + methane) production in a two stage dark fermentation (DF) and anaerobic digestion (AD) process from food waste (FW) has been studied. This paper investigated the effect of operation temperature, i.e. mesophilic (34 °C) and thermophilic (55 °C) , on biohythane yield and total energy recovery carried out at the initial culture pH 5.5 and pH 7, respectively for DF and AD batch tests. The mesophilic DF tests gave a higher hydrogen yield of 53.5 ( ± 4) mL H2/g VS added compared to thermophilic DF tests, i.e. 37.6 ( ± 1) mL H2/g VS added. However, higher methane yields, i.e. 307.5 ( ± 10) mL CH4/g VS, were obtained at thermophilic AD tests compared to mesophilic AD, i.e. 276.5 ( ± 4.3) mL CH4/g VS. The total energy recovery from thermophilic DF + AD was higher (11.4 MJ/kg VS) than the mesophilic (10.4 MJ/kg VS) combined process. Interestingly, the analysis of kinetic parameters of mesophilic tests, determined from the Modified Gompertz equation, showed that mesophilic DF had faster H2 production kinetics, which can be attributed to a faster adaptation of the heat-shocked inoculum used in the tests to the incubation temperature.