Knoxpham4644

These results are useful to growers selecting cultivars and to breeders aiming to use more resistance genes to develop new cultivars with effective resistance in order to reduce stripe rust damage.Stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) is one of the most destructive fungal diseases of wheat worldwide. The expanding Yr26-virulent Pst race (V26) group overcomes almost all currently deployed resistance genes in China and has continued to accumulate new virulence. Investigating the genetic architecture of stripe rust resistance in common wheat is an important basis for a successful utilization of resistance in breeding programs. A panel of 410 exotic wheat germplasms was used for characterizing new stripe rust resistance loci. This panel was genotyped using high-density wheat 660K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, and phenotypic evaluation of seedlings for stripe rust resistance was performed using multiple Pst races. Thirty-five loci conferring resistance were identified through genome-wide association mapping, and explained phenotypic variances ranged from 53 to 75%. Of these, 14 were colocated in the proximity of the known loci, including cataloged Yr genes Yr9, Yr10, Yr26, Yr33, Yr47, Yr56, Yr57, Yr64, Yr67, Yr72, and Yr81 and three temporarily designated as YrCen, YrNP63, and YrRC detected in our quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping studies. Seven of them (Yr9, Yr10, Yr24/26, Yr81, YrCEN, YrNP63, and YrRC) were confirmed by molecular detection or genetic analysis. New loci that were identified to be different from reported Yr genes need further confirmation. Nine QTL with significantly large phenotypic effect on resistance to all tested races were considered as major loci for effective resistance. The identified loci enrich our stripe rust resistance gene pool, and the linked SNPs should be useful for marker-assisted selection in breeding programs.Healthy animals can constitute a reservoir for Escherichia coli potentially dangerous for humans. Our objectives were to investigate virulence genes in E. coli isolated from healthy animals in southern Tunisia and to determine their resistance to antimicrobials of high importance in humans and animals. click here 126 fecal samples were collected from healthy animals (cattle, sheep, goats, chicken, camel, bustard and rabbit) and assayed by PCR for virulence genes and by disk diffusion for antimicrobial resistance. STEC were isolated most frequently from goats (27.7%), sheep (20%) and cattle (14.2%). ExPEC prevalence of iucD (41.6%), papC (27.7%), sfa (13.8%), afa8 (13.8%) and iron (72.2%) was highest in camels. Prevalence of the ExPEC associated genes iss and cnf and the EPEC defining gene eae was highest in rabbits (53.3, 13.3, and 53.3%, respectively). The genes defining enterotoxigenic, enteroinvasive and enteroaggregative E. coli were not detected and faeG was found only in camels (5.5%). The most common phylogenetic groups were B1 (54.5%) and B2 (16.6%). Virulence gene profiles varied greatly between animal species. Overall, antimicrobial resistance was not highly prevalent, the highest resistance being observed against tetracycline, 43.9%.Fusarium verticillioides is one of the most important pathogens of maize, causing rots and producing fumonisin mycotoxins during infection. Ingestion of fumonisin-contaminated corn causes underperformance and even fatal toxicity in livestock and is associated with neural tube birth defects, growth stunting in children and some cancers. StuA, an APSES class transcription factor, is a major developmental transcriptional regulator in fungi. It has been shown to regulate crucial developmental processes, such as sporulation, virulence and mycotoxin synthesis among others. In this study, the role of FvSTUA in F. verticillioides was examined by characterizing ∆FvstuA deletion mutants functionally and transcriptomally. The deletion mutants exhibited reduced vegetative growth, stunted aerial hyphae and significant reductions in microconidiation. Macroconidiation and hydrophobicity of the deletion strains were reduced as well. Additionally, fumonisin production and virulence of the deletion mutants were greatly reduced. Transcriptomic analysis revealed downregulation of expression of several genes in the fumonisin and fusarin C biosynthetic clusters and differential expression of genes involved in conidiation and virulence. Nuclear localization of FvSTUA supported its likely function as a transcription factor. Together, our results indicate that FvSTUA plays a global role in transcriptional regulation in F. verticillioides influencing morphogenesis, toxin production and virulence.Background A double-pigtail ureteral stent (DPUS) can cause untoward symptoms, such as urgency, frequency, urinary incontinence, hematuria, and body pain that are bothersome to patient's quality of life (QoL). By reducing the quantity of material in the bladder, it could be reasonable to decrease stent-related symptoms (SRSs). We aimed to evaluate the tolerability of single pigtail suture stent (SPSS) with a validated questionnaire after uncomplicated retrograde semirigid ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URSL). Materials and Methods A total of 130 patients who underwent ureteral stent placement after URSL for unilateral symptomatic ureteral stones with less then 15 mm diameter were randomized prospectively into two groups. Polyurethane ureteral stent (6 Fr, 24 or 26 cm) was placed in all patients, which was removed postoperatively with a mean of 14 days. There were 65 patients in both groups. All subjects completed the ureteral stent symptoms questionnaire (USSQ), which explores the SRSs. The questionnaires were conducted on the day of stent removal (at week 2) with the stent in situ and 4 weeks after removal (at week 6, poststent). The severity of SRSs and QoL were compared between the two groups. Results SPSS was associated with perfect effect on all domains of USSQ, except from sexual and general health index scores. Pain index scores, visual analog scores (VAS), and analgesic requirements in SPSS group were found significantly low compared with those in the DPUS group. The QoL scores were significantly better in patients indwelling SPSS. Conclusion SPSS is a potentially beneficial option to minimize ureteral SRSs after uncomplicated URSL.