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Pregnancy is associated with physiological alterations in insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism. This study investigates the associations between pregestational body mass index (pBMI) and the rate of gestational weight gain (rGWG) in the second trimester with the biomarkers of lipid, fatty acids metabolism and insulin resistance.

Sixty nine pregnant women followed. The body weights of the pregnant women were measured and blood samples were obtained at 11-14th and 24-28th weeks of pregnancy. Glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, insulin levels and fatty acids were measured. Rate of GWG (kg/week) and The Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) were calculated. The pregnant women were stratified according to their pBMI and the 2nd trimester rGWG.

The rate of GWG was significantly higher for the group with pBMI<25, compared to the group with pBMI≥25 (p=0.024). Triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol were significantly increasnges in lipid metabolism and the development of insulin resistance. Pregestational BMI was shown to have a stronger influence on lipid profile, insulin resistance, and fatty acids than rGWG.Mesoporous metal sulfides (MMSs) with high surface areas and large pore volumes show great potential in many applications such as gas sensing, photodetection, and catalysis. However, the synthesis of MMSs is still challenging due to the uncontrollable fast precipitation between metal ions and S2- ions and the large volume contraction during the conversion of metal precursors to sulfides. Here, a general polymer-oriented acid-mediated self-assembly method to synthesize highly crystalline MMSs (e.g., ZnS, CdS, Ni3 S4 , CuS, and Znx Cd1- x S) by using polyethylenimine (PEI) as pore-forming agent is reported. In this method, acetic acid is designed as pH regulator and coordination agent to control the interactions between inorganic precursors and PEI, and adjust the reaction kinetics of metal ions and thioacetamide. This method endows a high degree of control over crystal structure and porous structure of MMSs. The surface areas and pore volumes of obtained MMSs are as high as 157 m2 g-1 and 1.149 cm3 g-1 , respectively. Benefiting from the abundant mesopores and homojunctions, mesoporous Zn0.56 Cd0.44 S shows a superior photocatalytic H2 generation rate of 14.3 mmol h-1 g-1 .Biofilms pose a major challenge to control wound-associated infections. Due to biofilm impenetrability, traditional antimicrobial agents are often ineffective in combating biofilms. Herein, a biphasic scaffold is reported as an antimicrobial delivery system by integrating nanofiber mats with dissolvable microneedle arrays for the effective treatment of bacterial biofilms. Different combinations of antimicrobial agents, including AgNO3 , Ga(NO3 )3 , and vancomycin, are incorporated into nanofiber mats by coaxial electrospinning, which enables sustained delivery of these drugs. The antimicrobial agents-incorporated dissolvable microneedle arrays allow direct penetration of drugs into biofilms. By optimizing the administration strategies, drug combinations, and microneedle densities, biphasic scaffolds are able to eradicate both methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and MRSA/Pseudomonas aeruginosa blend biofilms in an ex vivo human skin wound infection model without necessitating surgical debridement. Taken together, the combinatorial system comprises of nanofiber mats and microneedle arrays can provide an efficacious delivery of multiple antimicrobial agents for the treatment of bacterial biofilms in wounds.

The gut fermentation syndrome (GFS), also known as the endogenous alcohol fermentation syndrome or auto brewery syndrome, is a rare and underdiagnosed medical condition where consumed carbohydrates are converted to alcohol by the microbiota in the gastrointestinal or urinary tract. The symptoms of GFS can have severe impact on patients' wellbeing and can have social and legal consequences. Unfortunately, not much is reported about GFS. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the evidence for GFS, causal micro-organisms, diagnostics, and possible treatments.

A protocol was developed prior to initiation of the systematic review (PROSPERO 207182). We performed a literature search for clinical studies on 1 September 2020 using PubMed and Embase. We included all clinical studies, including case reports that described the GFS.

In total, 17 case reports were included, consisting of 20 patients diagnosed with GFS. The species that caused the GFS included Klebsiella pneumoniae, Candida albicans, C. glabrtion, low carbohydrate diet, and probiotics. Padcev There might be a potential role of fecal microbiota transplant in the treatment of GFS.Assessing the neurotoxicity of test chemicals has typically been performed using two-dimensionally (2D)-cultured neuronal cell monolayers and animal models. The in vitro 2D cell models are simple and straightforward compared to animal models, which have the disadvantage of being relatively low throughput, expensive, and time consuming. Despite their extensive use in this area of neurotoxicology research, both models often do not accurately recapitulate human outcomes. To bridge this gap and attempt to better replicate what happens in vivo, three-dimensionally (3D) cultured neural stem cells (NSCs) encapsulated in hydrogels on a 384-pillar plate have been developed via miniature 3D bioprinting. This technology allows users to print NSCs on a pillar plate for rapid 3D cell culture as well as high-throughput compound screening. For this, the 384-pillar plate with bioprinted NSCs is sandwiched with a standard 384-well plate with growth medium for 3D culture, allowing researchers to expose the cells to test compounds and stain them with various fluorescent dyes for a suite of high-content imaging assays, including assays for DNA damage, mitochondrial impairment, cell membrane integrity, intracellular glutathione levels, and apoptosis. After acquiring cell images from an automated fluorescence microscope and extracting fluorescence intensities, researchers can obtain the IC50 value of each compound to evaluate critical parameters in neurotoxicity. Here, we provide a detailed description of protocols for cell printing on a 384-pillar plate, 3D NSC culture, compound testing, 3D cell staining, and image acquisition and analysis, which altogether will allow researchers to investigate mechanisms of compound neurotoxicity with 3D-cultured NSCs in a high-throughput manner. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1 Three-dimensional neural stem cell culture on a 384-pillar plate Basic Protocol 2 Compound treatment and cell staining Basic Protocol 3 Image acquisition, processing, and data analysis.