Dealebsen2001

health spending.

Low consumption of foods considered protective and high consumption of health-risk foods, even among adolescents with greater accordance with the DASH diet, may have contributed to these findings. ARRY-575 Public health measures are needed to prevent/reduce the prevalence of overweight/obesity in adolescence, as it is a risk for overweight/obesity in adulthood as well as other complications, leading to loss of quality of life for the individual and increased health spending.

Osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO) encompassing obesity, sarcopenia and osteopenia, is due to redistribution or infiltration of fat into muscle and bone. This cross-sectional study evaluated the association between OSO and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Obesity, sarcopenia and osteopenia was defined using the percentage of body fat mass, reduced muscle mass, and the percentage of young adult mean<80%, measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, respectively. Non-obese and obese NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasound and body mass index cut-off point (25kg/m

). A total of 619 subjects ≥ 50 years who completed health checkups were divided into obesity group including OSO and sarcopenic obesity (SO) alone phenotype, and non-obesity group that did not belong to any phenotype, including standard (St).

Overall osteopenia and OSO were detected in only 10% and 1% in males, compared with 45% and 9% in females, respectively. Multivariate analysis for females demonstrated a significant association of OSO with non-obese NAFLD (odds ratio=3.737, 95% confidence interval=1.365-10.233, P=0.010), while the association between SO alone and non-obese NAFLD was equivocal. The OSO phenotype had a significantly higher proportion of slower walking speed and weaker grip strength, compared to the St phenotype. The proportion of OSO increased with age in contrast to constant prevalence of non-obese NAFLD.

Non-obese NAFLD had a significant association with OSO in females, independent of plausible confounders. These results suggest that non-obese NAFLD might be an independent risk factor for OSO.

Non-obese NAFLD had a significant association with OSO in females, independent of plausible confounders. These results suggest that non-obese NAFLD might be an independent risk factor for OSO.

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the implementation of stay-at-home and lockdown measures. It is currently unknown if the experience of lockdown leads to long term changes in individual's eating behaviors. The objectives of this study were i) to derive longitudinal trajectories of change in eating during UK lockdown, and ii) to identify risk factors associated with eating behavior trajectories.

Data from 22,374 UK adults from the UCL COVID-19 Social study (a panel study collecting weekly data during the pandemic) were analyzed from 28th March to 29th May 2020. Latent Class Growth Analysis was used to derive trajectories of change in eating. These were then associated with prior socio-economic, health-related and psychological factors using multinomial regression models.

Analyses suggested five trajectories, with the majority (64%) showing no change in eating. In contrast, one trajectory was marked by persistently eating more, whereas another by persistently eating less. Overall, participants with greate third of the sample report changes in quantities eaten throughout the first UK lockdown period. Findings highlight the importance of adjusting public health programs to support eating behaviors in future lockdowns both in this and potential future pandemics. This is particularly important as part of on-going preventive efforts to prevent nutrition-related chronic diseases.

Patients with intestinal failure requiring home parenteral nutrition are at risk of vitamin D and other micronutrient deficiencies. Conventional enteral replacement of Vitamin D may not be sufficient for this patient group. This study examines whether buccal Vitamin D provides an alternative, effective route for supplementing Vitamin D in patients with intestinal failure.

A retrospective review of patients who received buccal Vitamin D replacement between 1st January 2013 and 1st January 2020at our hospital in Northern England was carried out. Demographics were recorded as were patients' daily intravenous fluid requirements using standard ESPEN definitions. Serum Vitamin D levels were recorded prior to buccal replacement and then at a minimum interval of 3 months after commencement. A cost comparison of a 6 month course of this preparation was also made with an equivalent duration of replacement using oral cholecalciferol capsules.

17 patients were identified. The mean level of Vitamin D prior to replacement was 28.4nmol/l with 65% of patients classed as Vitamin D deficient (<25nmol/l) prior to replacement. The average duration of buccal replacement prior to a repeat level was 5 months. Following buccal Vitamin D replacement no patients were classed as Vitamin D deficient with all levels ≥25nmol/l and a mean of 62.3nmol/l. There was a statistically significant increase in post buccal replacement serum Vitamin D concentrations (p=0.001). Using costings from our hospital pharmacy a 6 month course of this buccal Vitamin D preparation was 38% less expensive than 6 months of replacement with oral cholecalciferol capsules.

This study shows that in patients with intestinal failure on home parenteral nutrition, buccal Vitamin D is both a use and cost-effective method of replacement.

This study shows that in patients with intestinal failure on home parenteral nutrition, buccal Vitamin D is both a use and cost-effective method of replacement.

Strains belonging to bifidobacteria have been documented as being helpful in adults with intestinal dysbiosis conditions, like those related to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This review aims to present the most relevant evidence regarding the efficacy of Bifidobacterium longum W11, a Bifidobacterium used in clinical settings for conditions such as IBS and inflammatory bowel disease.

The following electronic databases were systematically searched up to August 2020 MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane Central Database of Controlled Trials (via CENTRAL), Google Scholar, and Clinicaltrials.gov.

Data arising from pooled analysis, 7 invitro/pharmacological studies, 7 clinical trials including 1 randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled, showed that the probiotic strain B.longum W11 has been extensively studied for its efficacy in subjects with IBS with constipation, leading to a significant reduction in symptoms. In particular, its role in alleviating constipation was also confirmed in subjects for whom a low-calorie weight-loss diet led to the slowing down of gut motility.