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Results are discussed in the context of trade-offs associated with each technique and possible causes of discrepancy between estimates of cavitation resistance provided by visual and hydraulic techniques.In drug development, dose prediction is a routinely conducted quantitative data analysis. It involves combining available relevant preclinical and/or clinical data to conduct modeling and simulation analyses where various dose prediction scenarios are usually considered. As further data emerges during drug development, dose prediction may undergo several rounds of refinement. In this article, I present DosePredict, a Shiny-based graphical user interface software that can be used for the conduct of dose predictions. DosePredict is built based on pharmacokinetic (PK) models, including 1-, 2-, and 3-compartment models. The user specifies the desired PK model and then provides input parameter values and variables associated with the evaluated dose prediction scenario. On that basis, DosePredict conducts stochastic simulations for a specified number of subjects and follows that by providing detailed PK and dose prediction outputs. An HTML report can then be generated in which all the input parameters and variables and all the output plots and tables are captured. DosePredict is deployed through the Shiny server. A Shiny dose prediction software, DosePredict, was developed to assist scientists involved in the drug discovery and development process in their dose prediction analyses. This software comes as a step forward in developing individualized solutions as it provides a comprehensive dose prediction analysis. The software allows for expediting the analysis process in a reproducible manner, therefore allowing exploration of various scenarios in a timely fashion.Aims To a) identify the differences and similarities in the extrinsic and intrinsic factors that influence job satisfaction among nurses in urban and rural Ontario; and b) determine the impact of job satisfaction on nurses' turnover intention among nurses working in rural and urban settings in Ontario. Design Cross-sectional correlational design was used for this study. Methods Data were collected between May 2019 - July 2019 in southern Ontario. A total of 349 participants completed the Acute Care Nurses Job Satisfaction Scale and The Anticipated Turnover Scale. A stratified sampling technique was used for recruiting the sample population and participants were given the option to respond either online or by mailed survey. Results There was no significant difference between rural and urban nurses in either overall job satisfaction level or turnover intention. Peer support/work conditions, quality of supervision and achievement/job interest/responsibility were significant predictors of job satisfaction. There was a significant difference between rural and urban nurses in terms of satisfaction from benefits and job security and the nurses' job satisfaction levels correlated negatively with their turnover intention. Conclusion Several extrinsic and intrinsic factors are associated with nurses' job satisfaction in rural and urban settings. Developing strategies that improve satisfaction by modulating these specific factors may improve nurses' job satisfaction and reduce turnover. Impact This study discussed how working in a rural or urban hospital may affect nurses' job satisfaction and turnover intention. The findings can help in improving nurses' job satisfaction and inform workforce planning to increase nurses' retention.Our article deals with pricing strategies in Swiss health insurance markets and focuses on the relationship between basic and supplementary insurance. We analyzed how firms' pricing strategies (i.e., pricing of basic and supplementary products) can create switching costs in basic health insurance markets, thereby preventing competition in basic insurance from working properly. More specifically, using unique market and survey data, we investigated whether firms use bundling strategies or supplementary products as low-price products to attract and retain basic insurance consumers. To our knowledge, this is the first paper to analyze these pricing strategies in the context of insurance/health insurance. We found no evidence of bundling in the Swiss setting. We did however observe that firms used low-price supplementary products that contributed to lock in consumers. A majority of firms offered at least one of such product at a low price. None offered low-price products in both basic and supplementary markets. Low-price insurance products differed across firms. When buying a low-price supplementary product, consumers always bought their basic contract from the same firm. Furthermore, those who opted for low-price supplementary products were less likely to declare an intention to switch basic insurance firms in the near future. This result was true for all risk category levels.Objective Insula epilepsy is rare and can be evaluated effectively by Stereotactic intracerebral EEG (SEEG). Many previous studies of insulo-opercular seizures have been unable to separate insular and opercular onset. With adequate sampling of the insula, this study shows this is possible. Methods We analysed intra-insular dynamics and extra-insular propagation in twelve patients with "pure" insula epilepsy (n = 9) or insular and only deepest opercular involvement (n = 3) at seizure onset. Review of semiology defined clinical groups, agglomerative cluster and principal component analysis of semiological features was performed. selleck chemicals llc Quantitative epileptogenicity, intrainsular and extrainsular propagation was computed via time frequency analysis and epileptogenicity mapping. Results Seizure onset patterns were heterogeneous, the seizure onset zone was focal. Seizure onset and first ictal change within insula functional subdivision correlated with aura and reflex component. No paninsular spread occurred, contralateral insular spread was very early. Whilst the discharge was intrainsular, clinical signs related to aura or vegetative signs. Extra-insular propagation was early and related to emergence of majority of clinical signs. Cluster analysis found an anterior, intermediate and posterior insula seizure onset group. The largest principle component separated anterior insula manifestations including early hypermotor signs, early recovery and no aura from posterior insula features of early dystonia, early tonic motor features and sensorimotor aura. Interpretation Aura is vital to identifying seizure onset and relates to insula functional subdivision. Seizures are heterogenous, extra-insula propagation occurs early accounting for most of the semiology. With adequate sampling 'pure insula' epilepsy can be identified and focal curative resection is possible. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.