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Societies experiencing rapid demographic transition may expect to face challenges such as accelerated population aging and increasing care-related needs. Decentralization of welfare states and resultant fragmentation of services is gaining increasing attention. In this study, we offer suggestions of how developing countries might move from fragmentation to integration of social and health care services. Using the Health Survey of Turkey (HST-2012) data with 15,000 households of populations' age 15 and older, we explore challenges to integrating social and health care service strategies in Turkey. Findings include inequities in material and service accessibility between rural and urban settings. Increasing numbers of older widowed women, especially in rural environments, will require direct income assistance over the coming decades. Additional findings include the need for primary and preventative health care services for middle age groups and strategies to address both unemployment among younger generations and barriers to work force participation for women. In conclusion, among rapid transition societies, it will take time to resolve decentralization-related regional inequalities in social and health services. Therefore, information and communications technologies (ICT) should be employed from an intersectionality perspective to more quickly bridge the services integration - regional inequalities gap in Turkey and possibly other societies in transition.This study investigates the transition to retirement of male academics. It applies approaches drawn from Cumulative Advantage and Disadvantage (CAD) principles to expand Continuity theory by examining evidence for continuity and inequalities in the lifestyles of the respondents. Biographical-Narrative interviews with 20 retired academics in Brazil and the United Kingdom were conducted and analysed using Thematic Analysis. An exploration of the same occupational group in different cultural and social contexts was carried out to capture a diversity of CAD influences on retirement outcomes. The experience of continuity was individualised to each participant due to their unique combination of advantages, and their subjective interpretation of their experiences. Cumulative processes identified in this study related to (1) occupational roles played in their career; and (2) organisational level policies and practices for retirement. At the level of individual retired men, cultural and social context factors were not perceived as influential in the achievement of continuity in retirement. Continuity theory is still supported, but alone offers limited explanations of the diversity of experiences in the transition to retirement of male academics. A consideration of the role of cumulative processes and systemic dynamics, including how individuals respond to their experiences in retirement, shows how these different factors interact and affect retirement and ageing. Further studies should investigate the processes identified with other occupations, as well as women and minority groups.Social isolation relates to a lack of social contacts and interactions with family members, friends or the wider community, and results in diminished health and well-being. And yet many interventions aimed at enhanced social participation are not effective because they do not match the needs of the socially isolated older adults themselves. Little is known about the experiences of socially isolated older adults and their need for help and support. In this paper, we use concepts from Giddens' structuration theory to understand the strategies they use to deal with social isolation in everyday life. We report on findings from in-depth interviews with 25 community-dwelling socially isolated older adults (aged 63-86). Most of them were interviewed two or three times with in-between periods of one to three years. The study shows that they see few possibilities for changing their situation. They consider their social skills as inadequate and choose a mode of behavior that they habitually follow and which implies a certain degree of safety. At the same time, these strategies further lower their chances of social integration and intensify their isolation. Irbinitinib These long-term patterns of socialization make social isolation a persistent problem that in many cases takes on a structural character. This mechanism makes social isolation difficult to break through. Most socially isolated older adults have no desire to tackle their isolation but hope to solve their problems by themselves for as long as possible. Practical help may contribute to their self-reliance.This paper outlines the case for applying Bourdieu's writing on 'forms of capital' to the explication of the social divisions of later life. Much of the writing about class in later life pivots on the distinction between working and non-working life. Broadening the focus towards a more Bourdieusian conceptualisation of forms of capital offers a greater potential to delineate and account for social stratification in later life than that accorded by either treating older retired people as a more or less homogenously marginal class or by applying class analyses to later life based on the relations of capital and labour. The paper begins with an outline of Bourdieu's account of the three main forms of capital and their symbolic representation. This is followed by consideration of the various critiques that have been made of Bourdieu's formulation of his capitals alongside various elaborations and re-formulations. Finally various potential avenues are explored to illustrate how forms of capital may be realised in later life and the role they may play in determining its social stratification. Examples range from the financial capital represented by home ownership to the investment in embodied cultural capital made by the various technologies of the self that characterise third age cultures.As the U.S. population continues to age and will require increasing levels of care, scholars continue to question what conventional methods of "custodial care" and rehabilitation accomplish for the individuals receiving them, relative to those providing them. To this end, critical discourse surrounding the spatial institutionalization of older adults argues that formal institutions of care and rehabilitation are simply alternative and synonymous forms of incarceration and imprisonment. Using semi-structured interviews with ten male residents of a Rhode Island nursing home and ten incarcerated males at the Rhode Island state prison's medium security unit, this work explores the following questions within the existing scholarship of the medical sociology of confinement and incarceration In what ways are experiences of confinement alike for older adults living in prisons and for those living in nursing homes, and what do these similarities/differences imply about aging, disabled, and economically unproductive bodies as "deviant" and subsequently "criminal" as the traditional definition of the carceral space expands? Participant responses across the nursing home and prison settings fit into three categories, including "home as historical/home as negation," "institution as escape," and "self as non-human/self as non-agent.