Pratervelez1880

The nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins comprise a major class of intracellular immune receptors that are capable of detecting pathogen-derived molecules and activating immunity and cell death in plants. The activity of some NLRs, particularly the Toll-like/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) type, is highly correlated with their nucleocytoplasmic distribution. However, whether and how the nucleocytoplasmic homeostasis of NLRs is coordinated through a bidirectional nuclear shuttling mechanism remains unclear. Here, we identified a nuclear transport receptor, KA120, which is capable of affecting the nucleocytoplasmic distribution of an NLR protein and is essential in preventing its autoactivation. We showed that the ka120 mutant displays an autoimmune phenotype and NLR-induced transcriptome features. Through a targeted genetic screen using an artificial NLR microRNA library, we identified the TIR-NLR gene SNC1 as a genetic interactor of KA120. Loss-of-function snc1 mutations as well as compromisordinating SNC1 nucleocytoplasmic homeostasis as a potential mechanism.Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) infection and aflatoxin contamination is a major bottleneck for peanut cultivation and value chain industry. In this study, a transcriptomic network study was conducted by retrieving publically available RNA-seq datasets of resistant and susceptible peanut varieties infected by A. flavus separately to understand the peanut defense mechanism against A. flavus. The gene expression analysis revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to the different levels of infection and coexpression network of DEGs deciphered hub genes involved in the immune process in resistant and susceptible varieties. The interplay of resistance conferring genes and cell wall related genes was observed through functional enrichment analysis in response to pathogen infection and identified few key genes such as Protein P21, R genes, Pattern Recognition Receptor genes, Pectinesterases, Laccase and Thaumatin-like protein 1b as candidate genes in imparting immune response against A. flavus.Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (silver carp) is phytoplanktivorous and is an economically and ecologically important fish species. As a well-known invasive species, a number of factors associated with the ecological adaptations of this species are largely unknown. Here, we present a chromosomal-level assembly of the species based on the PacBio Sequel II platform and Hi-C scaffolding technology. Based on the high-quality genome sequences and previous genome sequencing projects, a number of genes that were probably subject to positive selection reside in the genome of H. molitrix, and the last common ancestors of H. molitrix and H. nobilis were identified. Some of these genes may partially explain the mechanisms of H. molitrix for surviving damage due to toxic algae. Demographic history estimation suggests that the effective population size (EPS) of the species may have constantly increased along with the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, started to decline when quaternary glaciation started, and further declined during the Younger Dryas Period. Moreover, the introgression from H. nobilis to H. molitrix in North America was corroborated based on the whole-genome sequencing data, and the proportion of introgressed regions was estimated to be approximately 5.8%. Based on the high-quality assembly, the possible mechanisms by which H. molitrix adapts to its endemic and invaded locations were profiled.Intertidal bivalves are constantly exposed to air due to daily and seasonal tidal cycles. The hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria is an economically important bivalve species and often subjected to air exposure for more than 10 days during long-distance transportation. Hard clam exhibits remarkable tolerance to air exposure. In this study, we performed RNA sequencing on hemocytes of M. mercenaria exposed to air for 0, 1, 5, 10, 20 and 30 days. The overall and dynamic molecular responses of hard clams to air exposure were revealed by different transcriptomic analysis strategies. As a result, most cytochrome P450 1A and 3A, and monocarboxylate transporter family members were up-regulated during air exposure. Additionally, the dominant molecular process in response to 5-d, 10-d, 20-d and 30-d air exposure was refolding of misfolded proteins in endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome-mediated degradation of phospholipids, protein metabolism and reorganization of cytoskeleton, and activation of anti-apoptotic process, respectively. Our results facilitated comprehensive understanding of the tolerance mechanisms of intertidal bivalves to air exposure.

During the initial COVID-19 outbreak, health systems faced unprecedented organizational stress. Meanwhile, reports of episodes of discrimination and violence towards healthcare workers increased globally. This study explores the association between perceived discrimination and mental health outcomes in a large sample of healthcare workers in Spain.

Healthcare workers from inpatient and outpatient facilities (N=2,053) filled an on-line questionnaire in May or June 2020. Mental health outcomes included depression symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9]), psychological distress (General Health Questionnaire [GHQ-12]) and death thoughts (Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale [C-SSRS]). We also measured perceived discrimination and/or stigmatization due to being a healthcare worker since pandemic onset. Smad family Regression models adjusted for potential confounding sources (age, sex, history of a mental health diagnosis and type of job) were fitted.

Thirty percent of the respondents reported discrimination and/or stigmatization. Perceived discrimination was associated with higher depression (B=2.4, 95 percent CI 1.8, 2.9) and psychological distress (B=1.1, 95 percent CI 0.7, 1.4) scores, and with a 2-fold increase in risk of reporting death thoughts (OR=2.0, 95 percent CI 1.4, 3.1).

Perceived discrimination is a modifiable driver of mental health problems among healthcare workers. Mass media, legislators, and healthcare institutions must put in place prevention and restoration strategies to limit discrimination towards healthcare workers and reduce its mental health impact.

Perceived discrimination is a modifiable driver of mental health problems among healthcare workers. Mass media, legislators, and healthcare institutions must put in place prevention and restoration strategies to limit discrimination towards healthcare workers and reduce its mental health impact.