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Corticosteroid (CS) therapy for infectious and rheumatological diseases showed to decrease serum magnesium (Mg
) level and induce muscle atrophy in patients. The present study investigated the effects of Mg
supplementation on preventing CS-induced muscle atrophy in an animal model, which provided experimental data for potential clinical translation.
Twelve 24-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and CS methylprednisolone (MPS) to induce muscle atrophy, with half of the rats also given daily 50mg/kg Mg
oral supplementation. Additional six rats without LPS + CS treatments were used as normal controls. After treatment for 6weeks, serum was collected for Mg
quantification, animal dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was performed for tissue composition, and the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) was collected for muscle functional test and histology including muscle fiber size, intramuscular fat infiltration and fiber typing. In vitro myotube atrophy model was usein vivo.
The current study demonstrated that Mg
supplementation successfully alleviated CS-associated muscle atrophy in rats at both functional and morphology levels, indicating a translational potential for patients undergoing CS therapy. This study provided the evidence for the first time that Mg
supplementation could prevent muscle atrophy-an adverse effect of CS therapy, currently also adopted for treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
The current study demonstrated that Mg++ supplementation successfully alleviated CS-associated muscle atrophy in rats at both functional and morphology levels, indicating a translational potential for patients undergoing CS therapy. This study provided the evidence for the first time that Mg++ supplementation could prevent muscle atrophy-an adverse effect of CS therapy, currently also adopted for treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
The relationship between sodium intake and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is inconsistent. We, therefore, aimed to summarize the current evidence by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.
We retrieved studies which compared any marker of sodium status between individuals with T2DM and those without diabetes published in any language by searching online databases from inception up to June 2019. Summary effects were derived using random-effects model.
A total of 44 studies with 503,830 participants from 25 countries were included in this study. Sodium status was significantly different between individuals with and without T2DM (Hedges' g = 0.21; 95% CI 0.02, 0.40; P = 0.029). Individuals with T2DM had higher sodium intake compared to non-diabetic controls (WMD = 621.79mg/day; 95% CI 321.53, 922.06; P < 0.001) and 24-h urinary excretion was associated with likelihood of developing T2DM (OR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.15, 1.41; P < 0.001). Furthermore, salivary, hair, and platelet sodium were higher in patients with T2DM compared to controls (P < 0.05).
The findings of the current meta-analysis suggest that sodium levels are higher in patients with T2DM compared to non-diabetic controls; however, given that these studies are observational, it is not possible to infer causality.
The findings of the current meta-analysis suggest that sodium levels are higher in patients with T2DM compared to non-diabetic controls; however, given that these studies are observational, it is not possible to infer causality.Abrasion of the brake lining of automobiles is one of the main antimony (Sb) sources on the road. Therefore, the road effluent possibly supplies Sb to the combined sewer collection system. However, Sb in road-sewer systems has attracted little concern, although heavy metals such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in sewer water have been studied by many previous authors. check details We investigated the effect of road effluent on Sb in the combined sewer water by collecting road effluent, road dust, and sewer water under rainy and dry weather conditions. Sb in road effluent showed a significantly higher concentration than the other types of samples, and the Sb concentration in sewer during wet weather was significantly higher than that during dry weather. Furthermore, the Sb concentration in sewer water decreased with time during a wash-off event. Clear positive relationships between Sb and Cu and between Sb and Ba in both road effluent and road dust extract indicate the effect of brake abrasion because the brake lining contains Cu, Sb, and Ba in high concentrations. Approximately 42% of Sb load occurred during the wash-off event, while the loads of Cu and Ba were much less. Unlike Cu and Ba, we conclude that Sb in combined sewer water largely depends on road effluent in wet weather due to the wash-off of road dust, which is probably associated with brake lining abrasion.The significant fluorescence enhancement of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) induced by Hg2+ was observed for the first time based on a CdSe/ZnS QD-modified fiber nanoprobe. The fluorescence enhancement mechanism contributed to the Zn-to-Hg cation exchange in the ZnS shell, which allowed to form a HgxZn1-xS/CdSe heterojunction and increase the separation of electrons and holes and reduce the recombination rate. High concentrations of Hg2+ accelerated the generation of the fluorescence signal and lead to higher fluorescence intensity. The maximum fluorescence intensity increased more than eight times when Hg2+ concentration was 1 µM. The characteristic time (θc), i.e., the rising time to achieve the maximum fluorescence intensity, was linearly dependent on initial concentration of Hg2+ solution in accordance with our proposed theory. When the evanescent wave optofluidic fluorescence platform was used, the linear detection range and detection limit of Hg2+ were 5.0-1000 nM and 0.80 nM, respectively. The fiber nanoprobe can be applied to the rapid, sensitive, and accurate on-site detection of Hg2+ in real water samples without significant matrix effect. Our work paves a novel way to develop a simple and reliable nanoprobe for mercuric pollution control, and achieve the high quantum efficiency of QDs by limiting the diffusion of Hg2+ in the ZnS shell.
