Fergusonhalsey7053

Through regression analyses, PGD severity was predicted by low education, being unemployed, long duration of a marital relationship, and traumatic death in the French sample, whereas it was predicted by being male and highly educated in the Togolese sample. Both groups only shared a recent bereavement period as a common risk factor. CONCLUSIONS Even though French and Togolese widowed persons reported almost similar prevalence rates of PGD, etiology, risk, and protective factors are culturally distinctive. It is critical to consider cultural and individual differences when conducting research on diagnosis and intervention in cases of prolonged grief.PURPOSE To examine differences in the return to work (RTW) process for workers' compensation claimants with psychological injuries compared to those with musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries. METHODS We collected data from 869 workers' compensation claimants in Victoria, Australia, at three time points over a 12-month period (21% with psychological injury claims). RTW was assessed through self-report. Potential mediators were identified at the personal, health-care provider, workplace and system levels. The relationships between injury type, mediating factors and RTW were assessed using path analysis, with adjustment for confounders through inverse probability weighting. ONO-AE3-208 RESULTS We observed better RTW outcomes for claimants with MSK injuries (compared to those with psychological injuries) at T1 and T2, but not at T3. We also observed differences between psychological injuries and MSK injuries and all but two of the mediating factors examined. These differences, in particular related to supervisor response to injury, consultative RTW planning and offers of accommodation, as well as differences in mental health symptoms, explained approximately two-thirds of differences in RTW between injury types at T1. Differences in RTW at T2 were explained by mediating factors, and differences in RTW at T1. CONCLUSION Claimants with work-related psychological injuries experience a variety of challenges in RTW compared to those with MSK injuries. While treating and preventing further exacerbation of psychological symptoms should remain an important part of the rehabilitation process, other modifiable factors, in particular supervisor response to injury and consultative RTW planning and modified duties, should be prioritised to reduce inequalities in RTW across injury types.PURPOSE Putative causal relations among depressive symptoms in forms of network structures have been of recent interest, with prior studies suggesting that high connectivity of the symptom network may drive the disease process. We examined in detail the network structure of depressive symptoms among participants with and without depressive disorders (DD; consisting of major depressive disorder (MDD) and dysthymia) at two time points. METHODS Participants were from the nationally representative Health 2000 and Health 2011 surveys. In 2000 and 2011, there were 5998 healthy participants (DD-) and 595 participants with DD diagnosis (DD+). Depressive symptoms were measured using the 13-item version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Fused Graphical Lasso was used to estimate network structures, and mixed graphical models were used to assess network connectivity and symptom centrality. Network community structure was examined using the walktrap-algorithm and minimum spanning trees (MST). Symptom centrality was evaluated with expected influence and participation coefficients. RESULTS Overall connectivity did not differ between networks from participants with and without DD, but more simple community structure was observed among those with DD compared to those without DD. Exploratory analyses revealed small differences between the samples in the order of one centrality estimate participation coefficient. CONCLUSIONS Community structure, but not overall connectivity of the symptom network, may be different for people with DD compared to people without DD. This difference may be of importance when estimating the overall connectivity differences between groups with and without mental disorders.PURPOSE To estimate the prevalence of dual diagnosis and identify health, social and criminal justice factors associated with dual diagnosis among incarcerated adults in Australia and Brazil. METHODS We compared data from cross-sectional surveys of incarcerated adults (aged ≥ 18 years) in Australia and Brazil. Using data from linked emergency department, hospital, and in-prison medical records in the Australian sample, and from the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) in the Brazilian sample, participants were categorised as having (1) no mental disorder; (2) substance use disorder only; (3) mental illness only; or (4) dual diagnosis. A multivariate multinomial logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with dual diagnosis in each country. RESULTS Approximately one quarter of participants in both Australia (22%) and Brazil (25%) met the diagnostic criteria for dual diagnosis. In both countries, dual diagnosis was associated with being female [relative risk (RR) = 2.25 (95% CI 1.47-3.43) Australia; RR = 2.59 (95% CI 1.79-3.74) Brazil], having a history of prior incarceration [RR = 2.99 (95% CI 1.99-4.48) Australia; RR = 2.27 (95% CI 1.57-3.29) Brazil], and having comorbid physical health problems [RR = 1.54 (95% CI 1.08-2.19) Australia; RR = 2.53 (95% CI 1.75-3.65) Brazil]. CONCLUSIONS Despite differences in health, social, and criminal justice systems between Australia and Brazil, the prevalence of and factors associated with dual diagnosis in incarcerated adults appear to be similar in the two countries. A number of generalisable principles can be inferred and should be considered in health and criminal justice policy making.OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of area response rate with prevalence estimates of mental disorders in the 2nd World Mental Health Survey (WMHJ2). METHODS The sample of the WMHJ2 was selected from community residents in 129 areas from three regions of Japan. The surveys were conducted between 2013 and 2015, and 2450 (43.4%) responded. Mental disorders as well as three disorder classes (mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders) were identified using the WHO CIDI/DSM-IV. Response rates and 12-month and lifetime prevalences were calculated for each area. A generalized linear mixed model analysis was conducted to associate area response rate with the prevalence of mental disorders, controlling for sex, age, urbanity, and geographical region. RESULTS Area response rates ranged from 0.05 to 0.80 across the 129 areas. Area response rate was not significantly associated with 12-month or lifetime prevalence of mental disorder. Lifetime prevalences of substance use disorder were significantly lower in a survey with a higher response rate than a survey of the same area with a lower response rate.