Espensensommer7984

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a known lipid mediator on induction of actin polymerization, significantly increased YAP activity and actin dynamics in DMD-iPSC-CMs using live cell imaging. These results suggested that altered YAP activity due to impaired actin dynamics reduced proliferative ability in DMD-iPSC-CMs. Hence, decreased YAP activity in dystrophic heart may contribute to DMD-cardiomyopathy pathogenesis.The zoonotic pathogen Campylobacter jejuni is among the leading causes of foodborne diseases worldwide. While C. jejuni colonises many wild animals and livestock, persistence mechanisms enabling the bacterium to adapt to host species' guts are not fully understood. In order to identify putative determinants influencing host preferences of distinct lineages, bootstrapping based on stratified random sampling combined with a k-mer-based genome-wide association was conducted on 490 genomes from diverse origins in Germany and Canada. We show a strong association of both the core and the accessory genome characteristics with distinct host animal species, indicating multiple adaptive trajectories defining the evolution of C. jejuni lifestyle preferences in different ecosystems. Here, we demonstrate that adaptation towards a specific host niche ecology is most likely a long evolutionary and multifactorial process, expressed by gene absence or presence and allele variations of core genes. Several host-specific allelic variants from different phylogenetic backgrounds, including dnaE, rpoB, ftsX or pycB play important roles for genome maintenance and metabolic pathways. Thus, variants of genes important for C. jejuni to cope with specific ecological niches or hosts may be useful markers for both surveillance and future pathogen intervention strategies.Hungary has a single-payer health insurance system covering 10 million inhabitants. All medical reports of the in- and outpatient specialist services were collected in the NEUROHUN database. We used ICD-10 codes of Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), miscellaneous dementia group and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) for the inclusion of the patients. Incidence, prevalence and survival of different dementias and MCI were calculated and analyzed depending on the diagnoses given by neurological or psychiatric services or both. Between 2011 and 2016, the mean crude incidence of all dementias was 242/100,000/year, whereas the age standardized incidence was 287/100,000/year. Crude and age standardized mean prevalence rates were 570/100,000 and 649/100,000, respectively. There were significantly more VaD diagnoses than AD, the VaDAD ratio was 2.541, being the highest in patients with psychiatric diagnoses only (4.851) and the lowest in patients with only neurological diagnoses (1.321). The median survival after the first diagnosis was 3.01 years regarding all dementia cases. Compared to international estimates, the prevalence of dementia and MCI is considerably lower in Hungary and the VaDAD ratio is reversed.Ajwa dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.) have been described in traditional and alternative medicine to provide several health benefits, but their mechanism of apoptosis induction against human triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells remains to be investigated. In this study, we analyzed the phytoconstituents in ethanolic Ajwa Dates Pulp Extract (ADPE) by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and investigated anticancer effects against MDA-MB-231 cells. LC-MS analysis revealed that ADPE contained phytocomponents belonging to classes such as carbohydrates, phenolics, flavonoids and terpenoids. MTT assay demonstrated statistically significant dose- and time-dependent inhibition of MDA-MB-231 cells with IC50 values of 17.45 and 16.67 mg/mL at 24 and 48 h, respectively. Hoechst 33342 dye and DNA fragmentation data showed apoptotic cell death while AO/PI and Annexin V-FITC data revealed cells in late apoptosis at higher doses of ADPE. More importantly, ADPE prompted reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced alterations in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in ADPE treated MDA-MB-231 cells. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that ADPE induced cell arrest in S and G2/M checkpoints. ADPE upregulated the p53, Bax and cleaved caspase-3, thereby leading to the downregulation of Bcl-2 and AKT/mTOR pathway. ADPE did not show any significant toxicity on normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells which suggests its safe application to biological systems under study. Thus, ADPE has the potential to be used as an adjunct to the mainline of treatment against breast cancer.Bioelectrical impedance techniques are easy to use and portable tools for assessing body composition. While measurements vary according to standing vs supine position in adults, and fasting and bladder voiding have been proposed as additional important influences, these have not been assessed in young children. Therefore, the influence of position, fasting, and voiding on bioimpedance measurements was examined in children. Bioimpedance measurements (ImpediMed SFB7) were made in 50 children (3.38 years). Measurements were made when supine and twice when standing (immediately on standing and after four minutes). check details Impedance and body composition were compared between positions, and the effect of fasting and voiding was assessed. Impedance varied between positions, but body composition parameters other than fat mass (total body water, intra- and extra-cellular water, fat-free mass) differed by less than 5%. There were no differences according to time of last meal or void. Equations were developed to allow standing measurements of fat mass to be combined with supine measurements. In early childhood, it can be difficult to meet requirements for fasting, voiding, and lying supine prior to measurement. This study provides evidence to enable standing and supine bioimpedance measurements to be combined in cohorts of young children.The axial musculature of fishes has historically been characterized as the powerhouse for explosive swimming behaviors. However, recent studies show that some fish also use their 'swimming' muscles to generate over 90% of the power for suction feeding. Can the axial musculature achieve high power output for these two mechanically distinct behaviors? Muscle power output is enhanced when all of the fibers within a muscle shorten at optimal velocity. Yet, axial locomotion produces a mediolateral gradient of muscle strain that should force some fibers to shorten too slowly and others too fast. This mechanical problem prompted research into the gearing of fish axial muscle and led to the discovery of helical fiber orientations that homogenize fiber velocities during swimming, but does such a strain gradient also exist and pose a problem for suction feeding? We measured muscle strain in bluegill sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus, and found that suction feeding produces a gradient of longitudinal strain that, unlike the mediolateral gradient for locomotion, occurs along the dorsoventral axis.