Bigummckee2253
8% vs. 2.3%) and Anaerolineaceae (3.3% vs. 2.3%) dominated in PR, meanwhile Actinomarinales_Unclassified (8.1% vs. 4.2%) and Sandaracinaceae (4.4% vs. 2.0%) were more abundant in PC. Multivariate analyses confirmed that water depth-related variation was a good proxy for oxygen conditions and metal concentrations, explaining the structure of benthic microbial assemblages. Cd, Ni, As and Pb showed uniformly positive associations with communities that represented the keystone taxa in the co-occurrence network, including Anaerolineaceae, Thiotrichaceae, Desulfobulbaceae, Desulfarculaceae and Bacteroidales_unclassified communities. Collectively, these findings provide new insights for establishing the ecological interconnections of benthic microorganisms in response to metal contamination in a coastal upwelling environment.Biochar is a promising immobilizing agent of trace elements (TEs) in contaminated soils. However, several contradictory results have been reported regarding the potential of biochar to immobilize arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), and nickel (Ni) in contaminated soils. We conducted a meta-analysis on the published papers since 2006 until 2019 to examine the effects of biochar on the chemical (im)mobilization of As, Cr, and Ni in contaminated soils and to elucidate the major factors that control their interactions with biochar in soil. We synthesized 48 individual papers comprised of a total of 9351 pairwise comparisons and used the statistical tool of Cohen's d as an appropriate effect size for the comparison between means. We found that the application of biochar often increased the As mobilization in soils. Important variables that modulated the biochar effects on As mobilization in soil were pyrolysis temperature and time (ranging between 8 and 16 times when T > 450 °C and t > 1hr), organic matter (7-16 times when SOM less then 3%) and further site conditions. In contrast to As, biochar efficiently immobilized Cr and Ni in contaminated soils. The extent of the Cr and Ni immobilization was determined by the feedstock (Cr 7-18 times for agricultural residue-derived biochar; Ni 13-32 times for woody biomass-derived biochar). Our meta-analysis provides a compilation on the potential of different types of biochar to reduce/increase the mobilization of As, Cr, and Ni in various soils and under different experimental conditions. This study provides important insights on factors that affect biochar's efficiency for the (im)mobilization of As, Cr, and Ni in contaminated soils. p38 MAPK activity While biochar effectively immobilizes Cr and Ni, a proper management of As-polluted soils with pristine biochar is still challenging. This limitation might be overcome by modification of biochar surfaces to exhibit higher surface area and functionality and active sites for surface complexation with TEs.
With the recent surge in availability of large biomedical databases mostly derived from electronic health records, the need for the development of scalable marginal survival models with faster implementation cannot be more timely. The presence of clustering renders computational complexity, especially when the number of clusters is high. Marginalizing conditional survival models can violate the proportional hazards assumption for some frailty distributions, disrupting the connection to a conditional model. While theoretical connections between proportional hazard and accelerated failure time models exist, a computational framework to produce both for either marginal or conditional perspectives is lacking. Our objective is to provide fast, scalable bridged-survival models contained in a unified framework from which the effects and standard errors for the conditional hazard ratio, the marginal hazard ratio, the conditional acceleration factor, and the marginal acceleration factor can be estimated, and relatedential usefulness of our framework of bridged parametric survival models fitted with the Static-Stirling closed form likelihood. Bridged-survival models provide insights on subject-specific and population-level survival effects when their relation is transparent. SAS and R codes, along with implementation details on a pseudo data are provided.
The attainment of a methodology to simulate the hemodynamic in patient-specific cerebral vessels with aneurysms is still a challenge. The novelty of this work is focused on the effect of coil embolization in a realistic cerebral aneurysm, according to the vessel wall thickness and aneurysm thickness, through transient FSI simulations.
The quality of the mesh for simulations was checked with a specific mesh convergence study; and the numerical methodology was validated using numerical research data of the literature. The model was implemented in ANSYS® software. The total deformation and equivalent stress evolution in the studied cases, before and after coil embolization, were compared. More than 20 different models were employed due to different arterial wall thickness and aneurysm wall thickness combinations.
The obtained results have showed that deformation and stress values are highly influenced with the sac thickness. The thinner sac aneurysm thickness is, the greater deformation and stress are. The results after coil embolization process have highlighted that considering typical values of arterial wall thickness and aneurysm thickness 0.3mm and 0.15mm respectively, a deformation reduction around 50% and a stress reduction around 70% can be achieved.
The proposed methodology is a step forward in the personalized medicine, quantifying the aneurysm rupture risk reduction, and helping the medical team in the preoperative planning, or to deciding the optimal treatment.
The proposed methodology is a step forward in the personalized medicine, quantifying the aneurysm rupture risk reduction, and helping the medical team in the preoperative planning, or to deciding the optimal treatment.
Over the past decade, robotic pancreatic surgery has gained popularity. Although anatomically comparable, the small size of pediatric patients might impede the use of the surgical robot due to the size of the robotic arms. Pediatric pancreatic resection is rarely indicated, hence only few cases of pediatric robotic pancreatic resection have been described (Hagendoorn et al., 2018; Lalli Raj, 2019-4) [1,2]. To the best our knowledge, no video literature exists on robotic pediatric pancreatic tail resections. Aim of this video was to demonstrate the set-up and surgical technique of robotic distal pancreatectomy in a child.
This video illustrates fully robotic distal pancreatectomy in an eleven-year-old child. The patient had a past medical history of tuberous sclerosis complex. On surveillance imaging a non-functional neuroendocrine tumor was detected in the pancreatic tail for which a distal pancreatectomy was indicated.
After general anesthesia, the patient was placed in supine position on a split-leg table in anti-Trendelenburg.
