Hemmingsenryan2080

However, external linoleic and α-linolenic were accumulated in cellular lipids when yeasts were grown in an oil medium. This study describes the possibility of conversion of waste material into erucic acid by a recombinant yeast strain. © FEMS 2020.A major puzzle in malaria treatment remains the dual problem of underuse and overuse of malaria medications, which deplete scarce public resources used for subsidies and lead to drug resistance. One explanation is that health behaviour, especially in the context of incomplete information, could be driven by beliefs, pivotal to the success of health interventions. The objective of this study is to investigate how population beliefs change in response to an experimental intervention which was shown to improve access to rapid diagnostic testing (RDT) through community health workers (CHWs) and to increase appropriate use of anti-malaria medications. By collecting data on individuals' beliefs on malaria testing and treatment 12 and 18 months after the experimental intervention started, we find that the intervention increases the belief that a negative test result is correct, and the belief that the first-line anti-malaria drugs (artemisinin-based combination therapies or ACTs) are effective. Using mediation analysis, we also explore some possible mechanisms through which the changes happen. We find that the experience and knowledge about RDT and experience with CHWs explain 62.4% of the relationship between the intervention and the belief that a negative test result is correct. Similarly, the targeted use of ACTs and taking the correct dose-in addition to experience with RDT-explain 96.8% of the relationship between the intervention and the belief that the ACT taken is effective. As beliefs are important determinants of economic behaviour and might guide individuals' future decisions, understanding how they change after a health intervention has important implications for long-term changes in population behaviour. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press in association with The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.AIMS To investigate the effects of aspirin-omitted dual antithrombotic therapy on myocardial infarction and stent thrombosis in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS AND RESULTS A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed using PubMed to search for randomized clinical trials comparing dual antithrombotic therapy (DAT) with triple antithrombotic therapy (TAT) in this setting. Three trials involving 8845 patients were included (4802 and 4043 patients treated with DAT and TAT, respectively). There were no significant differences in all-cause death and stroke between the aspirin-omitted DAT group and TAT group. Otherwise, the incidence of myocardial infarction was significantly higher with aspirin-omitted DAT versus TAT (odds ratio [OR] 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-1.63; P = 0.04; I2=0%). Similarly, the incidence of stent thrombosis increased in patients treated with aspirin-omitted DAT versus TAT (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.02-2.53; P = 0.04; I2=0%). The occurrence of major bleeding and clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding events, as defined by the International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis, was significantly lower with aspirin-omitted DAT versus TAT (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.48-0.78; P = 0.02; I2=76%). Similar results were found according to the International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis major bleeding, Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction major or minor bleeding, and Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction major bleeding scales. CONCLUSION Aspirin-omitted DAT reduces the occurrence of bleeding episodes, with a higher rate of myocardial infarction and stent thrombosis in NVAF patients presenting with ACS or undergoing PCI. © Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author 2020. For permissions, please email journals.permissions@oup.com.OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence of the optrA, poxtA and cfr linezolid resistance genes in linezolid-resistant enterococci from Irish hospitals and to characterize associated plasmids. METHODS One hundred and fifty-four linezolid-resistant isolates recovered in 14 hospitals between June 2016 and August 2019 were screened for resistance genes by PCR. All isolates harbouring resistance genes, and 20 without, underwent Illumina MiSeq WGS. check details Isolate relatedness was assessed using enterococcal whole-genome MLST. MinION sequencing (Oxford Nanopore) and hybrid assembly were used to resolve genetic environments/plasmids surrounding resistance genes. RESULTS optrA and/or poxtA were identified in 35/154 (22.7%) isolates, the highest prevalence reported to date. Fifteen isolates with diverse STs harboured optrA only; one Enterococcus faecium isolate harboured optrA (chromosome) and poxtA (plasmid). Seven Enterococcus faecalis and one E. faecium harboured optrA on a 36 331 bp plasmid with 100% identity to the previously described optrA-encoding conjugative plasmid pE349. Variations around optrA were also observed, with optrA located on plasmids in five isolates and within the chromosome in three isolates. Nine E. faecium and 10 E. faecalis harboured poxtA, flanked by IS1216E, within an identical 4001 bp region on plasmids exhibiting 72.9%-100% sequence coverage to a 21 849 bp conjugative plasmid. E. faecalis isolates belonged to ST480, whereas E. faecium isolates belonged to diverse STs. Of the remaining 119 linezolid-resistant isolates without linezolid resistance genes, 20 investigated representatives all harboured the G2576T 23S RNA gene mutation associated with linezolid resistance. CONCLUSIONS This high prevalence of optrA and poxtA in diverse enterococcal lineages in Irish hospitals indicates significant selective pressure(s) for maintenance. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy.