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e in widowed older adults' loneliness based on a nationwide survey in China. Widowhood has an acute and long-lasting effect on loneliness in older adults. Remarriage after widowhood could largely reduce or offset the risk of loneliness.Previous research in high-income countries suggests that children from families with lower socioeconomic status (SES) tend to have shorter telomere length - a biomarker of stress and cell aging - than children from families with greater social and economic resources. However, little is known about predictors of child telomere length in low-income settings. Data for the current study are from a sample of 214 Samburu children aged 1-9 years. The Samburu are semi-nomadic pastoralists who live in the Rift Valley of north-central Kenya. Samburu livelihood is based primarily on livestock, and polygynous marriage is common. Drawing on prior ethnographic research, we measured 14 culturally relevant indicators of family SES, including mother's education, head of household's education, whether the child is currently attending school, household spending, mother's employment history, head of household's employment history, mother's perceived wealth, whether the child lives in a modern house, livestock holdings (total, cows, sheep/goats, and camels), mother's wife number, and whether the child lives in a polygynous household. Telomere length was measured in salivary DNA by the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method. Using latent class analysis, we identified four groups of children that are similar based on the 14 indicators of family SES Lower SES; Middle SES, Traditional; Middle SES, Modern; and Higher SES. SES classes were not significantly associated with child telomere length. In models examining individual indicators of SES, we found that telomere length was 0.57 standard deviations greater for children who lived in families in the lowest quartile of total livestock holdings compared to those in the highest quartile (b = 0.57, p = 0.03). While additional research is needed to identify the mechanisms underlying this counterintuitive finding, the current study highlights the importance of cultural context in shaping the social gradient in health.

The effects of late-life subjective poverty on brain health are understudied. We aimed to investigate the association between duration of subjective poverty after age 64 and subsequent cognitive function and decline in China.

Data were from 4118 adults aged ≥64at baseline in the population-based China Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), 2005-2018. The duration of subjective poverty was measured from self-rated economic status relative to neighbors in 2005, 2008, and 2011 (never; one time point; two or three time points). Cognitive function was assessed by the Chinese Mini-Mental State Exam (CMMSE; range 0-30) in 2011, 2014, and 2018. We fitted attrition-weighted, multivariable mixed-effects Tobit regression models to examine the relationship between duration of subjective poverty from 2005 to 2011 and subsequent cognitive function and decline from 2011 to 2018.

A total of 2675 (64.96%) participants never reported subjective poverty over the period 2005-2011, 930 (22.58%) participants reportedife may have unique and cumulative contributions to cognitive aging among older adults in China. The lower level of initial cognitive function but slower rate of cognitive decline observed for those with greater subjective poverty is consistent with theories of cognitive reserve and empirical evidence from Western settings on other socioeconomic markers.Children from low SES backgrounds experience long-term economic deprivation in addition to excessive income volatility during childhood. Little is known about whether parental income influences adulthood weight and health through either prolonged or transitory hardship. Using the intergenerational feature of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), we link parents' income records from a 47-year panel (1968-2015 waves) to health outcomes of 3976 adult children (1999-2015 waves) in the United States. We calculate parental permanent income to measure prolonged disadvantages, as well as transitory income peaks and valleys at various early-life stages to measure transitory advantages and disadvantages, respectively. Our findings show that parental permanent income is negatively associated with obesity and adverse health outcomes in multiple adulthood stages. U0126 solubility dmso We also detect negative associations between transitory income peaks in adolescence and adverse weight and health outcomes. Our findings provide strong empirical support for the influence of prolonged material hardship on adverse weight and health outcomes and no support for the influence of transitory material hardship. Our findings also show that policies that improve parental permanent income and provide higher transitory income are essential to generate healthier adults.Yersiniosis - the 4th most commonly reported zoonosis in the European Union - is caused by the consumption of food contaminated with the bacterium Yersinia enterocolitica. The number of human cases and contaminated food samples is probably underestimated since conventional molecular methods currently proposed for Yersinia enterocolitica detection proved to have several limitations. Critical issues associated with the detection of Yersinia enterocolitica in meat and/or meat product has already been investigated, whereas data on the possible limits of the molecular methods for Yersinia enterocolitica detection in vegetables are still lacking. According to ISO method (ISO 188672015), real-time polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR) should be adopted for Yersinia enterocolitica detection, even if it proved to be affected by some biases. Recently, Droplet Digital PCR (ddPCR) has been introduced as a useful tool to detect and quantify different pathogenic bacteria in complex food matrices. However, its potential applicaca (25 °C for 24 h), allow optimizing detection. To conclude, ddPCR may be undoubtedly proposed as a reliable alternative strategy for the quick detection of the pathogen in food samples.