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In the selected articles, there were 14 psychometrically valid tools to be assessed from 151 articles containing the sexual and reproductive health dimensions; among which, seven tools were evaluated with regard to COSMIN. None of the tools also had all the features noted in COSMIN. Moreover, all the concerned scales were not interpretable and accountable; however, a majority of them had internal consistency and construct validity. In this study, there was no valid and specific tool for measuring sexual-reproductive health status in this population group. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a valid tool according to the dimensions and needs of specific reproductive health in type 1 diabetes.
Inappropriate self-medication can increase chances of adverse drug reactions, disease aggravation, or drug interactions. Analgesics are most commonly used as self-medication.
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare analgesic self-medication practices among medical and paramedical undergraduate students of a tertiary care teaching institute in Central India.
A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted in 216 undergraduate medical (MBBS and BDS) and paramedical (occupational therapy/physiotherapy and BSc nursing) students. A predesigned, self-developed, semi-structured questionnaire was used.
The Chi-square test was used for testing statistical significance.
The overall prevalence of self-medication with analgesics was 83.33%. Self-medication was significantly high among medical students as compared to paramedical students (
= 0.003). Significantly more medical students were aware about adverse drug reactions of analgesics as compared to paramedical students (
= 0.019). The most common source of information about drugs was previous prescription (58.33%), followed by media including the Internet (53.70%). The most dominant symptom compelling self-medication was found to be muscular pain (42.12%), followed by headache (36.57%). 54.16% of the students revealed that self-medication provides quick relief from pain. The most commonly used analgesic was paracetamol (82.40%), followed by diclofenac (22.68%). A significant number of paramedical students do not know exactly what precautions should be taken while taking analgesics (
= 0.002).
Medical students are more indulged in self-medication practices with analgesics. Paramedical students need to be educated regarding safe use of analgesics.
Medical students are more indulged in self-medication practices with analgesics. Paramedical students need to be educated regarding safe use of analgesics.
Providing information based on truth is very important in patients' treatment-related decisions and reduces emotional and physical sufferings as well as patient costs. The aim of this study was to design a model that is based on the culture and health-care context of Iran in order to establish a truth-based communication and provide accurate information to patient.
This qualitative study was conducted in 2019. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 18 nurses who had been selected by purposeful sampling method. Data analysis was performed in two steps. In the first step, the participants' experiences were determined using the grounded theory approach. In the next step, using Walker and Evant's (2011) method, the concepts and statements were combined and presented in a central concept.
The central concept in this study was "an attempt to establish a truth-based communication with patient," and then, a truth-based communication model was presented. The components of the model were presented in three parts improving patient communication skills, managing the situation in which the truth is presented, and the patient's participation in decision-making.
To present the truth of the treatment, which can sometimes be unpleasant and bitter, it is very important to improve communication skills and choose an effective communication strategy. To establish a truth-based communication, it is necessary to create a suitable ground for communication, which should be provided in clinical setting and community.
To present the truth of the treatment, which can sometimes be unpleasant and bitter, it is very important to improve communication skills and choose an effective communication strategy. To establish a truth-based communication, it is necessary to create a suitable ground for communication, which should be provided in clinical setting and community.
Disordered eating attitude may lead to full-blown eating disorders. Recent longitudinal studies show that disordered eating attitudes either remain stable or even increase from childhood to adulthood. The current study was done to determine the psychometric properties of the Eating Attitudes Test-8 (EAT-8) and introduce the suitable measure for researchers and therapist in the field of clinical psychology and psychiatrist.
The Persian version of the EAT-8 was produced through forward translation, reconciliation, and back translation. A sample of 302 students were selected through convenience sampling method and completed a set of questionnaires, including the EAT-8, Eating Attitudes Test-16 (EAT-16), Eating Beliefs Questionnaire-18 (EBQ-18), self-esteem scale, and self-compassion scale short-form. The construct validity of the EAT-8 was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis and divergent and convergent validity. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability (2 weeks' interval) were conducted to e settings.
Experiential learning sessions as a teaching aid have been applied early in the medical undergraduate curriculum to improve the knowledge and inculcate research interest. We compared the ability of 1
-year medical undergraduates to answer the molecular biology questions among those who had attended the experiential learning sessions of molecular biology techniques versus those who did not attend.
A randomized controlled trial was carried out with 200 1
-year medical undergraduates, among whom 69 students were selected by simple random sampling for the demonstration of the molecular biology techniques, such as isolation of genomic DNA, polymerase chain reaction, cell culture techniques, western blotting, and high-performance liquid chromatography for 1-week duration. Imidazole ketone erastin solubility dmso Student's feedback was collected on a five-point Likert sc ale at the end of the session to understand how they agree or disagree with a particular statement. The content validity rate (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) of the questionnaire were determined, and its internal consistency was examined by Cronbach's alpha.
