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AV replacement was required in 2 patients. Mean Lipoprotein(a) concentration was 42.4 mg/dl, 38% had >50 mg/dl. There was no overt correlation of AV pathologies with other ASCVD complications, or Lipoprotein(a) concentration. Physicochemical elimination of LDL particles by LA appears indispensable for patients with bi-allelic familial hypercholesterolemia and severe hypercholesterolemia to maximize the reduction of LDL-C. In conclusion, in this rare patient group regular assessment of both the AV, as well as all arteries accessible by ultrasound should be performed to adjust the intensity of multimodal lipid lowering therapy with the goal to prevent ASCVD events and aortic surgery.Aortic stenosis (AS) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, including sudden cardiac death (SCD). Anemia is a known risk factor for mortality in patients with AS. We sought to understand the prognostic implications between anemia and SCD in severe AS. click here The Mayo Clinic AS database includes 8,357 adults with severe AS (mean gradient ≥40 mm Hg, aortic valve area ≤1 cm2, or peak aortic jet velocity ≥4 m/s) enrolled between January 1, 1995 and April 30, 2015. Survival and cause of death were ascertained from the National Death Index and SCD from medical records. We excluded patients with multiple valvular abnormalities, leaving 7,292 subjects. The median (interquartile range, [IQR]) age was 76 (68, 82) years with 56% male, and median (IQR) hemoglobin level was 12.9 (11.6, 14.1) g/dl. The frequency of anemia (hemoglobin less then 13.0g/dl for men, less then 12.0 g/dL for women) was 40%. During median (IQR) follow up of 4.4 (1.8, 8.1) years, 4,056 died (10-year survival 38%) including 225 with SCD (10-year cumulative incidence 5%). In a multivariate model including age, sex, body-mass index, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, myocardial infarction, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and time dependent aortic valve replacement, anemia was associated with increased all-cause mortality (hazard ratios 1.75, 95%CI 1.64, 1.87; p less then 0.001) and increased SCD mortality (hazard ratios 1.42, 95%CI 1.07, 1.86; p = 0.01). In conclusions, anemia is a frequent finding in patients with severe AS and independently associated with increased all-cause mortality and SCD. Anemia may be a useful prognostic marker and a modifiable therapeutic target in managing patients with severe AS.Left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) is an alternative to oral anticoagulation therapy in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation for the prevention of embolic stroke and systemic embolism. Although elderly patients (>75 years) have both higher ischemic and bleeding risk as compared with younger patients, they benefit from optimal anticoagulation. The subanalysis aimed to assess the indications, the safety, efficacy, and 1-year outcomes of interventional LAAC in elderly patients (≥ 75 years) compared with younger ( less then 75 years) patients in clinical practice. We analyzed data from the prospective Left-Atrium-Appendage Occluder Registry Germany. A total of 638 patients were included in the registry, 402 (63%) were aged ≥ 75 years. Compared with younger subjects, patients aged ≥75 were more likely to have higher CHA2DS2-VASC and HAS-BLED scores. Procedural success rate was high und similar in both groups (97.6%). Periprocedural adverse events were not statistically significant in groups (11.9% in less then 75 years vs 12.9% in ≥75 years; p = 0.80). At 1 year follow-up, all-cause mortality was higher in patients aged ≥75 compared withwith younger group (13.0% vs 7.8 %,p = 0.04), mainly due to non-cardiovascular causes (10.6% vs 6.0%). No significant differences in major bleeding, stroke, systemic embolism were observed. In conclusion, LAAC is feasible and safe in patients with AF at high stroke risk and with contraindications for OAC and should be considered as candidates for LAA closure. Elderly patients often present these characteristics and could benefit from this novel therapy.The impact of statins, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity and recovery is important given their high prevalence of use among individuals at risk for severe COVID-19. We studied the association between use of statin/angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/ARB in the month before hospital admission, with risk of severe outcome, and with time to severe outcome or disease recovery, among patients hospitalized for COVID-19. We performed a retrospective single-center study of all patients hospitalized at University of California San Diego Health between February 10, 2020 and June 17, 2020 (n = 170 hospitalized for COVID-19, n = 5,281 COVID-negative controls). Logistic regression and competing risks analyses were used to investigate progression to severe disease (death or intensive care unit admission), and time to discharge without severe disease. Severe disease occurred in 53% of COVID-positive inpatients. Median time from hospitalization to severe disease was 2 days; median time to recovery was 7 days. Statin use prior to admission was associated with reduced risk of severe COVID-19 (adjusted OR 0.29, 95%CI 0.11 to 0.71, p less then 0.01) and faster time to recovery among those without severe disease (adjusted HR for recovery 2.69, 95%CI 1.36 to 5.33, p less then 0.01). The association between statin use and severe disease was smaller in the COVID-negative cohort (p for interaction = 0.07). There was potential evidence of faster time to recovery with ARB use (adjusted HR 1.92, 95%CI 0.81 to 4.56). In conclusion, statin use during the 30 days prior to admission for COVID-19 was associated with a lower risk of developing severe COVID-19, and a faster time to recovery among patients without severe disease.The association between atrial fibrillation, stroke, and interatrial block (IAB) (P-wave duration ≥120 ms) is well recognized, particularly in the case of advanced IAB. We aimed to assess the association of IAB with mild cognitive impairment. Advanced Characterization of Cognitive Impairment in Elderly with Interatrial Block was a case-control multicenter study, conducted in subjects aged ≥70 years in sinus rhythm without significant structural heart disease. Diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment was performed by an expert geriatrician, internist, or neurologist in the presence of changes in cognitive function (Mini Mental State Examination score 20 to 25) without established dementia. A total of 265 subjects were included. Mean age was 79.6 ± 6.3 years and 174 (65.7%) were women; there were 143 cases with mild cognitive impairment and 122 controls with normal cognitive function. Compared with controls, cases had longer P-wave duration (116.2 ± 13.8 ms vs 112.5 ± 13.3 ms, p = 0.028), higher prevalence of IAB (73 [51.