Newmanpontoppidan4373
The overall cancer detection rate was 4.1/1000 screened women. Positive predictive value of screening was 4.7% with a sensitivity rate of 53% and specificity of 92%. This study showed a low mammography adherence among previously screened women. The study revealed low sensitivity, high specificity, and an acceptable cancer detection rate. Future programs should focus on improving data collection of screened women, maintaining the linkage of databases of screening and treatment clinics, and developing guidelines for breast cancer screening in Oman. The recommendations based on the study results should be incorporated into future professional, patient, and public cancer education programs.Recently, aging is considered a risk factor for various diseases. Although changes in the intestinal microbiota along with aging are thought to associate with the increased disease risk, mechanisms that cause age-related transition of the intestinal microbiota remain unknown. This study aims to clarify relationships between the amount of human defensin 5 (HD5), a Paneth cell α-defensin, which is known to regulate the intestinal microbiota, and age-related differences of the intestinal microbiota composition. Fecal samples from 196 healthy Japanese (35 to 81 years old) were collected and measured HD5 concentration. HD5 concentration in the elderly group (age > 70 years old) was significantly lower than the middle-aged group (age ≤ 70 years old). Furthermore, individual age was negatively correlated with HD5 concentration (r = - 0.307, p less then 0.001). In β-diversity, the intestinal microbiota of the elderly showed a significantly different composition compared to the middle-aged. At the genus level, relative abundance of Collinsella, Alistipes, Peptococcaceae; unassigned, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Weissella, Christensenellaceae R-7 group, Megasphaera, and [Eubacterium] eligens group was significantly higher, and Lachnospiraceae; unassigned, Blautia, Anaerostipes, Fusicatenibacter, Dorea, and Faecalibacterium was significantly lower in the elderly compared to the middle-aged. In addition, HD5 concentration was negatively correlated with Alistipes, Peptococcaceae; unassigned, and Christensenellaceae R-7 group and positively correlated with Lachnospiraceae; unassigned and Dorea. These results provide novel insights into the immunosenescence of enteric innate immunity, indicating low HD5 is suggested to contribute to the age-related differences in the intestinal microbiota and may relate to increased risk of diseases in elderly people.
To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on non-invasive positive airway pressure (PAP) usage among children with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB).
PAP usage data in children with SDB aged 1 to 18years old at The Hospital for Sick Children, Canada, were analyzed. The PAP usage data were recorded for 3months prior to and 3months following the COVID-19 lockdown in Ontario, Canada. The primary outcomes of interest were (i) percentage of days that PAP was used for ≥ 4h and (ii) average daily usage of PAP based on days when PAP was used.
A total of 151 children were included. The mean (± SD) age and BMI were 12.6 ± 4.1years and 28.7 ± 12.4kg/m
, respectively. The median (IQR) percentage of days of PAP usage for ≥ 4h and average nightly PAP usage was significantly higher during compared with prior to the pandemic (76.7 [19.0-94.0] vs 62.0 [15.5-89.0]%, p = 0.02, and 406.0 [244.0-525.0] vs 367.0 [218.0-496.0]min, p = 0.006, respectively). Within this cohort, 95/151 (63%) children with SDB showed increased PAP usage and 56/151 (37%) either decreased the amount of time they used PAP or stopped PAP use altogether.
COVID-19 pandemic has provided opportunities for increased PAP usage in a significant number of children with SDB. A subset of children with prior evidence for suboptimal PAP usage showed further decreases in PAP usage during the pandemic. This information is critical for clinicians to provide anticipatory guidance to encourage PAP usage both during the pandemic and beyond.
COVID-19 pandemic has provided opportunities for increased PAP usage in a significant number of children with SDB. A subset of children with prior evidence for suboptimal PAP usage showed further decreases in PAP usage during the pandemic. This information is critical for clinicians to provide anticipatory guidance to encourage PAP usage both during the pandemic and beyond.
Insomnia is frequently co-morbid with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA); the effect of insomnia or co-morbid insomnia and OSA (OSA + I) on associated metabolic outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains unclear. This study in adults with T2D compared metabolic outcomes among persons with OSA, insomnia, or OSA + I.
This study analyzed baseline data from the Diabetes Sleep Treatment Trial of persons recruited for symptoms of OSA or poor sleep quality. Home sleep studies determined OSA presence and severity. Insomnia was evaluated using the Insomnia Severity Index. Height and weight to calculate body mass index (BMI) and blood for laboratory values were obtained. Multivariate general linear models were used to examine the impact of the type of sleep disorder and sociodemographic, lifestyle, and sleep risk factors on metabolic outcomes.
Participants (N = 253) were middle-aged (56.3 ± 10.5years), white (60.5%), obese (mean BMI of 35.3 ± 7.1kg/m
), and male (51.4%) with poor glucose control (mean HbA1c of 8.0 ± 1.8%). Most participants had OSA + I (42.7%) or insomnia only (41.0%). HbA1c and BMI differed among the sleep disorder groups. ubiquitin-Proteasome system In addition, in the adjusted models, having insomnia only, compared to OSA only, was associated on average with higher HbA1c levels (b = 1.08 ± 0.40, p < 0.007) and lower BMI (b = - 7.03 ± 1.43, p < 0.001).
Findings suggest that insomnia frequently co-exists with OSA, is independently associated with metabolic outcomes in adults with T2D, and should be considered in investigations of the effects of OSA in persons with T2D.
Diabetes-Obstructive Sleep Apnea Treatment Trial (NCT01901055), https Clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01901055; Registration date July 17, 2013.
Diabetes-Obstructive Sleep Apnea Treatment Trial (NCT01901055), https Clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01901055; Registration date July 17, 2013.
