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Latitudinal trends of higher concentrations in the south were found in cadmium, manganese, and copper of white-tailed eagle nestlings, while thallium of white-tailed eagle nestlings, and thallium and zinc of great cormorant nestlings showed a latitudinal trend of higher concentrations in the north. Concentrations of several metals correlated positively within a species indicating covariation in metal exposure. Generally, the metal concentrations in both species were similar to levels reported to be below toxicity thresholds in other species. These results indicate, that white-tailed eagle and great cormorant nestling metal burdens may indicate environmental contamination from acidic sulphate soil runoff, and that they may act as indicators of latitudinal gradient identifying different contamination sources. Fluorescence spectroscopy has been increasingly used to detect sewage and other anthropogenic contaminants in surface waters. Despite progress in successfully detecting bacterial and sewage inputs to rivers over diverse spatial scales, the use of fluorescence-based in-situ sensors to track contaminant inputs during storm events and to discern bacterial contamination from background natural organic matter (NOM) fluorescence have received less attention. A portable, submersible fluorometer equipped with tryptophan (TRP)-like and humic-like fluorescence sensors was used to track inputs of untreated wastewater added to natural creek water in a laboratory sewage spill simulation. Significant, positive correlations were observed between TRP fluorescence, the TRPhumic ratio, percent wastewater, and Escherichia coli concentrations, indicating that both the TRP sensor and the TRPhumic ratio tracked wastewater inputs against the background creek water DOM fluorescence. The portable fluorometer was subsequently deployed in an urban creek during a storm in 2018. The peak in TRP fluorescence was found to increase with the rising limb of the hydrograph and followed similar temporal dynamics to that of caffeine and fecal indicator bacteria, which are chemical and biological markers of potential fecal pollution. Results from this study demonstrate that tracking of TRP fluorescence intensity and TRPhumic ratios, with turbidity correction of sensor outputs, may be an appropriate warning tool for rapid monitoring of sewage or other bacterial inputs to aquatic environments. The relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) have been extensively studied over past decades. However, the environmental factors affecting their relationships, and how their relationships vary under the influence of environmental factors, remain controversial. Studying the BEF relationships in natural/wild environments is of great significance for devising strategies in biodiversity conservation and ecosystem functioning. Using the data from 75 sites on the Mongolian Plateau steppe, we analyzed the relationship between species richness and biomass with general linear models (GLMs) and linear mixed models (LMMs), and analyzed the variation in the species richness-biomass relationships under environmental conditions by the partial least square path modeling (PLSPM). The results showed that de Martonne aridity index affected both species richness and community biomass in parallel, and that hydrothermal coupling conditions were more important direct impact factors for aboveground biomass. However, the significant species richness-biomass relationships became weaker when the effects of environmental factors (i.e. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/glpg0187.html climate and soil properties) were present. Climate humidity was the most important factor in mediating the relationship between species richness and community biomass. Our research suggested that species richness-biomass relationships are weak in the natural grasslands of the Mongolian Plateau, and that this may be due to the differences in the regional-scale environment and changes in species interactions. We recommend that a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between diversity and biomass requires further research within broader environmental gradients. Biochar stability determines the effectiveness of biochar's functions such as carbon sequestration, soil structure improvement, soil fertility enhancement and soil pollution remediation. However, a fast method for accurately predicting biochar long-term stability in soil remains elusive. Here, firstly, an incubation experiment was conducted on mineralization dynamics of different 13C-labelled biochars over 368 days to explore their actual mineralization in soils and establish their mineralization model. Thereafter, ten treatments of fast chemical oxidation methods using K2Cr2O7 (0.1 M) with different H+ concentrations and oxidation times were applied to the biochars to reveal which method best matches the mineralization of biochar in soils. Results showed that the percentage of biochar‑carbon oxidized by the solution containing 0.1 M K2Cr2O7 and 0.2 M H+ at 100 °C for 2 h was in accordance with the one that potentially would be mineralized in soils at a 100-year scale (R2 > 0.99; REMS = 2.53; RD = 15.3). The results provided a chemical oxidation method that was robust, effective, low cost and highly available for measuring the long-term stability of biochar in soils. The hydrology of the Third Pole, Asia's freshwater tower, has shown considerable sensitivity to the impacts of climate change and human interventions, which affect the headwaters of many rivers that originate therein. For example, the Yangtze River has its basin (YRB) experiencing wetness of terrestrial water storage (TWS), whose rainfall seems to be the primary source as inferred from the previous studies. Consequently, it is crucial to understand the contributions of each TWS's sub-domain - i.e., groundwater (GWS); total water content (TWC) stored as soil moisture, ice/snow, and canopy; and the surface water (SWS) storages - on YRB's wetness. Hence, SWS, from altimetry and imagery satellites, and TWC, from Global Land Data Assimilation System, are inverted considering the same basis function as for TWS from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment, which account for the differences in the resolutions inherent in each product. Furthermore, a "tie-in" signal approach is used to fit the temporal patterns of GWS, TWC, and SWS to TWS (i.