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05 ppmv or 0.1 ppmv of ClO2 gas just as on the control cells. #link# Also in the investigation for cell death, 0.05 ppmv and 0.1 ppmv of ClO2 gas little affected the viability, apoptosis or necrosis of MSCs. Furthermore, we assessed senescence using SA-β-gal staining. Although the frequency of stained cells cultured in 0.1 ppmv of ClO2 gas was significantly increased than that of not exposed cells, the stained cells in 0.05 ppmv were rare and their frequency was almost the same as that in control. Conclusions All these results indicate that, although excessive concentration of ClO2 gas induces senescence but neither apoptosis nor cell differentiation, exposure to 0.05 ppmv of ClO2 gas little affected the characteristics of MSCs. In this study we demonstrate that continuous exposure to appropriate dose of ClO2 gas can be safely used as decontamination agent in cell processing facilities. © 2020 The Japanese Society for Regenerative Medicine. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.Introduction Targeting inflammatory cascades is considered a promising way to prevent knee osteoarthritis (OA) progression. In terms of down-regulating the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin (IL)-6, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), pre-treatment with the flavonoid baicalein reportedly protects articular chondrocytes against the cytotoxicity of IL-1β. However, the benefits of post-treatment baicalein on osteoarthritic chondrocytes are not fully elucidated. Methods In this study, primary human chondrocytes were stimulated with IL-1β prior to baicalein application to evaluate the therapeutic effect of post-treatment. Results Post-treatment baicalein alleviated cell death and partially restored mitochondrial viability, while the senescence-associated secretory phenotype was not improved in IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes. Post-treatment baicalein down-regulated the expressions of IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, MMP-3, MMP-9, and MMP-13 mRNA as well as the protein production in stimulated cells. Even so, the levels of these factors were relative higher than those in un-treated chondrocytes. Moreover, iNOS, IL-6, IL-8, and COL1A1 expressions were consistently high, and IL-10 protein synthesis steadily increased in IL-1β-treated chondrocytes under baicalein treated status. Moreover, Western blot analyses showed that post-treatment baicalein suppressed nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells and p50 production while downstream cyclooxygenase-2 was still highly expressed. Conclusion Baicalein post-treatment to osteoarthritic chondrocytes had a minor benefit to the homeostasis of cartilaginous extracellular matrix. © 2020 The Japanese Society for Regenerative Medicine. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.Background Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) facilitate the treatment of several diseases. Here, we assessed the clinical course of elderly patients with dementia using PICCs. Methods This retrospective observational study was conducted at a single dementia treatment center. PICCs were used in elderly inpatients with dementia who required (a) intravenous therapy, supplemental parenteral nutrition, and dysphagia rehabilitation during acute illness; (b) end-of-life care; (c) total parenteral nutrition (TPN); or (d) an alternative to peripheral vascular (PV) access. Results Fifty-nine patients were enrolled (83.5 ± 6.9 years) 61% were in the acute treatment group, and 17% were in the end-of-life care group. The median catheter lifespan was 42 (23-87.5) days. The incidence of catheter-related bloodstream infection was 0.22 per 1,000 PICC-days, and that of deep venous thrombosis was 0.66 per 1,000 PICC-days. Among the patients in acute treatment group, 19% resumed sufficient oral intake after the treatment using PICC, and 36% resumed oral intake of gelatin-like food. Among the patients in the end-of-life care group, 91% received intravenous fluids continuously until death by initially inserted PICC. Conclusion In elderly patients with dementia, PICCs might be one of the options during the treatment of acute illness as well as for prolonged support during end-of-life care. © The Author(s) 2020.This study explored the experiences of mothers caring for an individual with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) ranging from 5 to 25 years of age, and examined pervasive tensions in caregiving. Guided by ethnographic methods, a retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted. Interviews with 85 mothers were analyzed inductively. Enpp-1-IN-1 ic50 in maternal caregiving were identified (a) difficulties obtaining, yet resistance to, an ASD diagnosis; (b) identified giftedness of the child versus notions of deficit imposed by others; (c) disability-related behaviors erroneously interpreted as 'poor parenting'; (d) contradictory considerations in diagnosis disclosure; (e) the invisibility yet pervasiveness of ASD; (f) extensive need for, yet the lack of, accessible services; (g) ASD-related care demands versus other pressing responsibilities; (h) arguments for inclusive versus exclusive services; and (i) aims of nurturing independence versus managing safety risk. Tensions were heightened by insufficient supports relative to need. Implications and recommendations for practice and policy are offered. © The Author(s) 2020.Here, we describe single case review of a 14-year-old female who presented with an angiofibroma on the right nipple areolar complex, which was treated successfully with debulking and CO2 laser. After 8 months of follow up, there has still been no recurrence of disease. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Boxer's fractures are common injuries. This report describes a case of a rupture of both small finger extensor tendons, following a closed neck fracture of the fifth metacarpal bone. This complication has not been reported before and emphasizes the importance of good clinical examination to rule out additional damage. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.We present four cases of fingertip amputation treated with local flap where the avulsed fingertip skin could be effectively utilized for these donor sites. The avulsed finger skin may be utilized even when replantation is not possible. This approach may serve as a new treatment option after fingertip amputation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.