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84% of protocols required the guideline-recommened two apnea tests. CO2 targets were consistent with guidelines in 64%. Contrary to guidelines, fifteen percent required ancillary testing for all patients and 15% permitted ancillary studies that are not validated in pediatrics.

and Relevance Variability exists between pediatric institutional DNC protocols in all domains of DNC determination, especially with respect to apnea and ancillary testing. Better alignment of DNC protocols with national guidelines may improve the consistency and accuracy of DNC determination.

and Relevance Variability exists between pediatric institutional DNC protocols in all domains of DNC determination, especially with respect to apnea and ancillary testing. Better alignment of DNC protocols with national guidelines may improve the consistency and accuracy of DNC determination.Cerebral radiation necrosis is the most serious late reaction to high doses of ionising radiation to the brain, and its treatment is generally unsatisfactory. We present a patient who developed cerebral radiation necrosis after protracted fluoroscopy during repeated embolisations of an extracranial arteriovenous malformation. Treatment with bevacizumab (a humanised murine monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor) was followed by neurological and radiological improvements.Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) induce hyperacetylation of histones by blocking HDAC catalytic sites. Despite regulatory approvals in hematological malignancies, limited solid tumor clinical activity has constrained their potential, arguing for better understanding of mechanisms of action (MOA). Multiple activities of HDACis have been demonstrated, dependent on cell context, beyond the canonical induction of gene expression. Here, using a clinically relevant exposure duration, we established DNA damage as the dominant signature using the NCI-60 cell line database and then focused on the mechanism by which hyperacetylation induces DNA damage. We identified accumulation of DNA-RNA hybrids (R-loops) following romidepsin-induced histone hyperacetylation, with single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) breaks detected by single-cell electrophoresis. Our data suggest that transcription-coupled base excision repair (BER) is involved in resolving ssDNA breaks that, when overwhelmed, evolve to lethal dsDNA breaks. We show that inhibition of BER proteins such as PARP will increase dsDNA breaks in this context. These studies establish accumulation of R-loops as a consequence of romidepsin-mediated histone hyperacetylation. We believe that the insights provided will inform design of more effective combination therapy with HDACis for treatment of solid tumors. IMPLICATIONS Key HDAC inhibitor mechanisms of action remain unknown; we identify accumulation of DNA-RNA hybrids (R-loops) due to chromatin hyperacetylation that provokes single-stranded DNA damage as a first step toward cell death.

To analyse the added value of susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) compared with standard T1-weighted (T1) MRI for detecting structural lesions of the sacroiliac joint (SIJ) in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) using CT as reference standard.

Sixty-eight patients with suspected or proven axSpA underwent both MRI and CT of the SIJ on the same day. Two readers separately scored CT, T1 and SWI for the presence of erosions, sclerosis and joint space changes using an established 24-region SIJ model. Disagreement was resolved by a third reader. Diagnostic accuracy (McNemar test), Cohen's kappa (k), sensitivity (SE) and specificity were calculated on the joint level using CT as reference.

In CT, 38 joints showed erosions, 67 sclerosis and 37 joint space changes. Agreement with CT for erosions was 92.6% (k=0.811 (0.7-0.92)) in SWI and 87.5% (k=0.682 (0.54-0.82)) in T1 (p=0.143) and agreement for sclerosis 84.6% (k=0.69 (0.57-0.81)) and 62.5% (k=0.241 (0.13-0.35)) (p<0.001), respectively. This resulted in superior SE of SWI (81.6% vs 73.7%) for erosions and sclerosis (74.6% vs 23.9%) at a minor expense of SP. No differences were detected for joint space changes.

In patients with axSpA, SWI depicts erosions and sclerosis more accurately than T1 spin echo MRI at 1.5 T.

In patients with axSpA, SWI depicts erosions and sclerosis more accurately than T1 spin echo MRI at 1.5 T.

To perform a systematic review (SR) on the effectiveness of self-management interventions, in order to inform the European League Against Rheumatism Recommendations for its implementation in patients with inflammatory arthritis (IA).

The SR was conducted according to the Cochrane Handbook and included adults (≥18 years) with IA. The search strategy was run in Medline through PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, and PEDro. The assessment of risk of bias, data extraction and synthesis were performed by two reviewers independently. A narrative Summary of Findings was provided according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation.

From a total 1577 references, 57 were selected for a full-text review, and 32 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria (19 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and 13 SRs). The most studied self-management components were specific interactive disease education in ten RCTs, problem solving in nine RCTs, cognitive-behavioural therapy in eight RCTs, goal setting in six RCTs, patient education in five RCTs and response training in two RCTs. The most studied interventions were multicomponent or single exercise/physical activity in six SRs, psychosocial interventions in five SRs and education in two SRs. find protocol Overall, all these specific components and interventions of self-management have beneficial effects on IAs-related outcomes.

The findings confirm the beneficial effect of the self-management interventions in IA and the importance of their implementation. Further research should focus on the understanding that self-management is a complex intervention to allow the isolation of the effectiveness of its different components.

The findings confirm the beneficial effect of the self-management interventions in IA and the importance of their implementation. Further research should focus on the understanding that self-management is a complex intervention to allow the isolation of the effectiveness of its different components.