Harrisdrachmann3687

5 mg kg

). In the HSD rat group, all Mayan plant foods (10 mg kg

) demonstrated antihyperglycemic activity statistically equal (P ≤ 0.05) to control acarbose. However, Brassica oleracea and R. sativus registered the highest antihyperglycemic activity. Bixa orellana and P. guajava (5 mg kg

) showed similar hypoglycemic activity (P ≤ 0.05) to glibenclamide (0.5 mg kg

) but was not significant (P ≤ 0.05) compared to insulin (5 UI kg

).

The present study provides valuable evidence on the possible health benefits of Mayan plant foods. These foods could contribute to the development of therapeutic diet strategies for the prevention and treatment of diabetes. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

The present study provides valuable evidence on the possible health benefits of Mayan plant foods. These foods could contribute to the development of therapeutic diet strategies for the prevention and treatment of diabetes. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

The poor palatability, low digestibility, and unpleasant color of parboiled rice (PR) have severely hampered its acceptance by consumers. It is hence necessary and urgent to develop a new method for producing high-quality PR. In the current study, the effect of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) pre-soaking on the color, textural properties, and the degree of retrogradation of PR was investigated.

With HHP from 100 to 500 MPa, the water adsorption rate increased and cooking time decreased. Parboiled rice samples presented higher lightness scores (L) and had lower color intensity (B). Compared with a control group, PR samples treated with high-pressure pre-soaking showed a reduction of hardness values from 0.69% to 32.99%, and gumminess values also decreased from 8.58% to 33.62%. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicated that the enthalpy values of PR samples decreased after high pressure pre-soaking. The molecular structure of PR characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry confirmed that HHP pre-soaking could decrease the retrogradation level.

The findings outlined above suggest that the texture and retrogradation properties of PR were improved after high-pressure pre-soaking. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

The findings outlined above suggest that the texture and retrogradation properties of PR were improved after high-pressure pre-soaking. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) prevalence and its risk of stroke rise with ageing. We aimed to investigate the outcomes of NOAC and warfarin in AF patients aged≥85years.

This is a retrospective study using Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. A total of 15,361 patients aged≥85years with AF on oral anticoagulants were identified. The end points included ischaemic stroke, intracranial haemorrhage (ICH), major bleeding, all-cause mortality and composite adverse events (ICH or major bleeding or all-cause mortality). Clinical outcomes were compared between each NOAC and warfarin after propensity matching.

Before propensity matching, patients taking warfarin were older, more female with more comorbidities than NOACs users. After propensity matching, baseline characteristics did not differ significantly between matched subjects receiving warfarin and each NOAC. Compared to warfarin, dabigatran was associated with a lower risk of ICH (hazard ratio [HR] 0.496), mortality (HR 0.558) and adverse events (HR 0.628), while rivaroxaban was associated with a lower risk of ischaemic stroke (HR 0.781), ICH (HR 0.453), mortality (HR 0.558) and adverse events (HR 0.636). Apixaban was associated with a lower risk of mortality (HR 0.488) and adverse events (HR 0.557) compared to warfarin. (all P<.05).

For the efficacy, NOACs were associated with a comparable or lower risk of ischaemic stroke compared to warfarin. For adverse events, NOACs were associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality and composite adverse events. bpV manufacturer In the elderly AF population, NOACs could be a more favourable choice for stroke prevention.

For the efficacy, NOACs were associated with a comparable or lower risk of ischaemic stroke compared to warfarin. For adverse events, NOACs were associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality and composite adverse events. In the elderly AF population, NOACs could be a more favourable choice for stroke prevention.

The use of water containing calcium bicarbonate (Ca(HCO

)

) at excessively high concentrations in closed hydroponic crops can cause calcium ion (Ca

) accumulation in the recycled nutrient solution (NS) and concomitantly negatively affect yield and product quality. The aim of the study was to determine maximum Ca

concentrations that do not harm the crop and to simulate the pattern of Ca

accumulation when the Ca

concentration in the irrigation water, and concomitantly in the replenishment nutrient solution (RNS), is excessive. In the current study, irrigation water containing 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 mmol L

Ca

was used to prepare the RNS supplied to pepper cultivated in a closed hydroponic system.

At 1.5 mmol L

Ca

, no Ca

accumulation was observed in the recirculating NS. However, at 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 mmol L

in the irrigation water, the Ca

concentration in the recirculating NS, increased by the latter cropping stages to 17, 28 and 37 mmol L

, corresponding to 6.4, 9.0 and 10.8 dS m

. The accumulation of Ca

in the recirculating NS affected both tissue nutrient concentrations and uptake concentrations of Ca

, sulphate ion (SO



) and magnesium ion (Mg

), but this was not the case for nitrogen (N) or potassium ion (K

). Growth, yield and plant water uptake were restricted at moderate (3.0 and 4.5 mmol L

) and high (6.0 mmol L

) external Ca

levels.

In soilless pepper crops with zero discharge of fertigation effluents, the Ca

concentration in the irrigation water and the RNS should be lower than 3.0 mmol L

to avoid yield restrictions due to salinity. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

In soilless pepper crops with zero discharge of fertigation effluents, the Ca2+ concentration in the irrigation water and the RNS should be lower than 3.0 mmol L-1 to avoid yield restrictions due to salinity. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.