Burnscontreras0088

Site and scene-level correlates of error were investigated. RESULTS Agreement between EVIP and ground truth was high for number of people in the scene (CCC=0.88; MAE=2.70) and moderate for number of people active (CCC=0.55; MAE=2.57). EVIP error was uncorrelated with camera placement, presence of obstructions or shadows, and setting type. For both number in scene and number active, EVIP outperformed SOPARC observations in estimating ground truth values (CCCs were larger by 0.11-0.12 and MAEs smaller by 41%-48%). CONCLUSION Computer vision algorithms are promising for automated assessment of setting-based physical activity. Such tools would require less manpower than human observation, produce more and potentially more accurate data, and allow for ongoing monitoring and feedback to inform interventions.INTRODUCTION The understanding of fatigue in hypoxia is limited due to lack of control in arterial saturation, different exercise intensities and hypoxia levels, lag time between exercise cessation and fatigue evaluation. We aimed at evaluating fatigue during cycling and immediately after exhaustion in normoxia, moderate and severe hypoxia at relative and absolute intensities. METHODS Thirteen subjects completed three sessions in normoxia, moderate and severe hypoxia with intensity based on percentage of normoxic maximal power output (NOR, MODABS, SEVABS) plus two sessions where intensity was based on the corresponding environmental condition (MODREL, SEVREL). Arterial saturation was clamped at 85% and 70% in moderate and severe hypoxia, respectively. Before, during cycling, and at exhaustion, maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), peripheral fatigue [high-frequency doublet (Db100), twitch (Pt)], and central fatigue [cortical voluntary activation (VATMS)] were evaluated without delay using an innovative ergometer. RESULTS Time to exhaustion declined with hypoxia level at absolute but also relative intensities compared to NOR. At isotime, MVC, Pt and Db100 were similarly depreciated in NOR, MODREL and SEVREL. At exhaustion, there was a similar reduction among conditions in MVC (-26 to -31%), Db100 (-25 to -35%) and VATMS (-9 to -13%). However, Pt was less decreased in SEVREL compared to NOR (-33±17 vs. -46±16%). CONCLUSION The shorter time to EXH in relative hypoxia, and yet lower peripheral fatigue and similar central fatigue compared to normoxia suggests that hypoxia per se may affect brain areas not directly implicated in quadriceps motor function.Intestinal injury is one of the most prominent features of organ damage in exertional heat stroke (EHS). However, whether damage to the intestine in this setting is exacerbated by ibuprofen (IBU), the most commonly used NSAID in exercising populations, is not well understood. PURPOSE We hypothesized that IBU would exacerbate intestinal injury, reduce exercise performance and increase susceptibility to heat stroke. METHODS To test this hypothesis, we administered IBU via diet to male and female C57/BL6J mice, over 48 h prior to EHS. Susceptibility to EHS was determined by assessing exercise response using a forced running wheel, housed inside an environmental chamber at 37.5°C. Core temperature (Tc) was monitored by telemetry. Mice were allocated into 4 groups exercise only (EXC); EHS+IBU; EXC+IBU; and EHS only. Exercise performance and core temperature profiles were evaluated and stomachs, intestines and plasma were collected at 3 h post EHS. Selleck Y-27632 RESULTS EHS+IBU males ran ~87% longer when Tc was above 41°C (P less then 0.03) and attained significantly higher peak Tc (P less then 0.01) than EHS-only mice. Histological analyses showed decreased villi surface area throughout the small intestine for both sexes in the EXC+IBU group vs. EXC only. Interestingly, though EHS in both sexes caused intestinal injury, in neither sex were there any additional effects of IBU. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that in a preclinical mouse model of EHS, oral IBU at pharmacologically effective doses does not pose additional risks of heat stroke, does not reduce exercise performance, and does not contribute further to intestinal injury, though this could have been masked by significant gut injury induced by EHS alone.INTRODUCTION The Diabetes Aerobic and Resistance Exercise (DARE) trial found that aerobic training and resistance training alone each reduced HbA1c compared to non-exercising controls, and combined aerobic and resistance training caused greater HbA1c reduction than either training type alone. Our objective was to determine whether a dose-response relationship existed between frequency of exercise training and HbA1c change, and whether this varied by exercise modality or participant characteristics. METHODS Post-hoc analysis of data from 185 DARE trial participants with type 2 diabetes randomized to aerobic, resistance or combined training thrice weekly. Dose-response relationships between adherence (percent of prescribed training sessions completed) and HbA1c change were assessed with linear regression. RESULTS Median overall adherence was 84.9% (IQR 74.4%,93.6%). Higher exercise adherence was associated with greater HbA1c reduction; a 20% increase in adherence (e.g., an additional two sessions/month) was associated with a 0.15% (2 mmol/mol) decrease in HbA1c (β=-0.0076, R=-0.170, p=0.021). Significant dose-response relationships were identified for aerobic (β=-0.0142, R=-0.313, p=0.016) and combined training (β=-0.0109, R=-0.259, p=0.041), but not resistance training (β=0.0068, R=0.153, p=0.233). Dose-response relationships in all training groups were significant in subgroups aged less then 55 years (β=-0.0113, R=-0.286, p=0.005), males (β=-0.0123, R=-0.234, p=0.010), and baseline HbA1c ≥7.5% (58 mmol/mol) (β=-0.013, R=-0.263, p=0.011). CONCLUSIONS There was a dose-response relationship between adherence to prescribed exercise and HbA1c reduction suggesting that glycemic control is improved more in individuals with type 2 diabetes with a higher training volume. Dose-response relationships existed for aerobic and combined training but not resistance training. These findings support aerobic and combined exercise prescriptions outlined in clinical practice guidelines.