Cooneywelch5098

BACKGROUND Deviations (DEVs) from resuscitation guidelines are associated with worse outcomes after adult in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA), but impact during pediatric IHCA is unknown. find more METHODS Retrospective cohort study of prospectively collected data from the American Heart Association's Get With The Guidelines-Resuscitation registry. Children who had an index IHCA of ≥1 min from 2000 to 2014 were included. DEVs are defined by the registry by category (airway, medications, etc.) A composite measure termed circulation DEV(C-DEV), defined as at least one process deviation in the following categories medications, defibrillation, vascular access, or chest compressions, was the primary exposure variable. Primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge. Mixed-effect models with random intercept for each hospital assessed the relationship of DEVs with survival to hospital discharge. Robustness of findings was assessed via planned secondary analysis using propensity score matching. RESULTS Among 7078 eligible index IHCA events, 1200 (17.0%) had DEVs reported. Airway DEVs (466; 38.8%) and medication DEVs (321; 26.8%) were most common. C-DEVs were present in 629 (52.4%). Before matching, C-DEVs were associated with decreased rate of ROSC (aOR = 0.53, CI95 0.43-0.64, p  less then  0.001) and survival to hospital discharge (aOR = 0.71, CI95 0.60-0.86, p  less then  0.001). In the matched cohort (C-DEV n = 573, no C-DEV n = 1146), C-DEVs were associated with decreased rate of ROSC (aOR 0.76, CI95 0.60-0.96, p = 0.02), but no association with survival to hospital discharge (aOR 1.01, CI95 0.81-1.25, p = 0.96). CONCLUSIONS DEVs were common in this cohort of pediatric IHCA. In a propensity matched cohort, while survival to hospital discharge was similar between groups, events with C-DEVs were less likely to achieve ROSC. SPARC, also known as osteonectin, is well known for its physiological roles in bone formation and tissue remodeling, as well as in cancer pathology; however, evidence regarding its function in adipocytes is lacking. The present study explored the physiological role of SPARC in cultured 3T3-L1 white and HIB1B brown adipocytes of murine cell lines. Treatment of recombinant SPARC upregulated the fat browning marker proteins and genes in white adipocytes and activated brown adipocytes. Conversely, knockdown of Sparc markedly reduced these genes and proteins in both cell lines. In addition, recombinant SPARC inhibited expression of adipogenic and lipogenic proteins but elevated lipolytic and fatty acid oxidation proteins. Furthermore, in silico analysis revealed that SPARC directly interacted and regulated VEGF in adipocytes. In conclusion, SPARC acts as a regulatory protein in both white and brown adipocytes by controlling thermogenesis and is thus regarded as a possible therapeutic target for treatment of obesity. There is a lack of information correlating low adiposity with hypertension experienced by Spontaneous Hypertensive Rats (SHR) or overweight and normotension in Wistar-Kyoto (WKY). We aimed to investigate this lipodystrophy phenomenon by measuring fluorescence lifetime (FLIM), optical redox ratio (ORR), serum levels of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and/or hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) hormones axes between Wistar, WKY and SHR before and after establishment of hypertension. Under high blood pressure, we evaluated serum adipokines. Brown adipose tissue was characterized as lower ORR and shorter FLIM compared to white adipose tissue. HPT axis showed a crucial role in the SHR adipose tissue configuration by attenuating whitening. The increased adiposity in WKY may act as a preventive agent for hypertension, since SHR, with low adiposity, establishes the disease. The hypertensive environment can highlight key adipokines that may result in new therapeutic approaches to the treatment of adiposity dysfunctions and hypertension. Carnitine plays an essential role in mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation as a part of a cycle that transfers long-chain fatty acids across the mitochondrial membrane and involves two carnitine palmitoyltransferases (CPT1 and CPT2). Two distinct carnitine acyltransferases, carnitine octanoyltransferase (COT) and carnitine acetyltransferase (CAT), are peroxisomal enzymes, which indicates that carnitine is not only important for mitochondrial, but also for peroxisomal metabolism. It has been demonstrated that after peroxisomal metabolism, specific intermediates can be exported as acylcarnitines for subsequent and final mitochondrial metabolism. There is also evidence that peroxisomes are able to degrade fatty acids that are typically handled by mitochondria possibly after transport as acylcarnitines. Here we review the biochemistry and physiological functions of metabolite exchange between peroxisomes and mitochondria with a special focus on acylcarnitines. Genomics has contributed to the treatment of a fraction of cancer patients. However, there is a need to profile the proteins that define the phenotype of cancer and its pathogenesis. The reprogramming of metabolism is a major trait of the cancer phenotype with great potential for prognosis and targeted therapy. This review overviews the major changes reported in the steady-state levels of proteins of metabolism in primary carcinomas, paying attention to those enzymes that correlate with patients' survival. The upregulation of enzymes of glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, lipogenesis, glutaminolysis and the antioxidant defense is concurrent with the downregulation of mitochondrial proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation, emphasizing the potential of mitochondrial metabolism as a promising therapeutic target in cancer. We stress that high-throughput quantitative expression profiling of differentially expressed proteins in large cohorts of carcinomas paired with normal tissues will accelerate translation of metabolism to a successful personalized medicine in cancer. It is increasingly recognized that sex and gender differences (S&G) influence cardiovascular diseases (CVD), greatly impacting disease management. In terms of definition, sex refers to biological aspects, gender effects being mainly related to socio-cultural factors. Both sex and gender are interpenetrated in humans and difficult to separate. This is more clearly feasible in animal models where sex effects largely predominate. As alterations in energy metabolism are essential features of cardiovascular diseases, sexual dimorphism of energy metabolism and more specifically mitochondria occupies a place of choice. This review presents the basis of sex and gender differences in the cardiovascular pathophysiology, and how it mainly affects woman diseases, effectiveness of therapies and clinical outcome. These differences rely on complex molecular mechanisms that are still poorly understood because of the under-representation of females/women in experimental and clinical studies. Finally, the differing psychological and biological phases of woman's life are largely underestimated.