Macgregorsolis1053

re re-introduced for European Ramalina species R. crispans (= R. peruviana auct. eur.) and R. rosacea (= R. bourgeana auct. p.p). A lectotype is designated for Vermilacinia procera. A key to saxicolous species of Vermilacinia is presented.It is estimated that approximately 154000 women in the United States have stage IV breast cancer (BC). A subset of this group has metastatic disease at presentation, known as de novo stage IV disease. De novo stage IV BC accounts for approximately 6% of all BC diagnoses in the United States. Traditionally, stage IV BC patients are treated with primary systemic therapy with a palliative intent reserving possible locoregional treatment (LRT) as last resort. There has been a lot of interest in the role of LRT in de novo stage IV BC for the past decade with mixed conclusions. Although this review is not intended to be a comprehensive overview of all literature regarding this topic to date, we will review the recent findings in literature focusing on the studies with larger sample sizes to investigate the role of LRT in de novo stage IV BC.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and new onset renal replacement therapy (RRT) with the outcome of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients.

A systematic literature search from several databases was performed on studies that assessed CKD, use of RRT, and the outcome of COVID-19. The composite of poor outcome consisted of mortality, severe COVID-19, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), need for intensive care, and use of mechanical ventilator.

Nineteen studies with a total of 7216 patients were included. CKD was associated with increased composite poor outcome (RR 2.63 [1.33, 5.17],

 = .03;



 = 51%,

 = .01) and its subgroup, consisting of mortality (RR 3.47 [1.36, 8.86],

 = .009;



 = 14%,

 = .32) and severe COVID-19 (RR 2.89 [0.98, 8.46],

 = .05;



 = 57%,

 = .04). RRT was associated with increased composite poor outcome (RR 18.04 [4.44, 73.25],

 < .001;



 = 87%,

 < .001), including mortality (RR 26.02 [5.01, 135.13],

 < .001;



 = 60%,

 = .06), severe COVID-19 (RR 12.95 [1.93, 86.82],

 = .008;



 = 81%,

 < .001), intensive care (IC) (RR 14.22 [1.76, 114.62],

 < .01;



 = 0%,

 < .98), and use of mechanical ventilator (RR 34.39 [4.63, 255.51],

 < .0005).

CKD and new-onset RRT were associated with poor outcome in patients with COVID-19.

CKD and new-onset RRT were associated with poor outcome in patients with COVID-19.Cholesterol granuloma (CG) is a rare condition histological consisting of a foreign body, giant cell reaction to cholesterol crystals and haemosiderin derived from the ruptured of the erythrocytes. A 25-year-old man came to our Department presenting signs and symptoms of tympano-mastoid cholesterol granuloma. He showed all the specific sign and symptoms of the disease. However, considering the lack of literature regarding TMCG, this study was performed with the aim of presenting the main characteristics of tympano-mastoid CG, describing the case report and reviewing the literature.

To describe the possible neuroinvasion pathways of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for the Coronavirus disease-19 (Covid-19) pandemic.

We present data regarding the family of Coronaviruses (CoVs) and the central nervous system (CNS), and describe parallels between SARS-CoV-2 and other members of the family, which have been investigated in more depth and combine these findings with the recent advancements regarding SARS-CoV-2.

SARS-CoV-2 like other CoVs is neuroinvasive, neurotropic and neurovirulent. Two main pathways of CNS penetration seem to be the strongest candidates, the hematogenous and the neuronal. Τhe olfactory route in particular appears to play a significant role in neuroinvasion of coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2, as well. MRT67307 manufacturer However, existing data suggest that other routes, involving the nasal epithelium in general, lymphatic tissue and the CSF may also play roles in SARS-CoV-2 invasion into the CNS.

SARS-CoV-2 like other CoVs is neuroinvasive, neurotropic and neurovirulent. Two main pathways of CNS penetration seem to be the strongest candidates, the hematogenous and the neuronal. Τhe olfactory route in particular appears to play a significant role in neuroinvasion of coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2, as well. However, existing data suggest that other routes, involving the nasal epithelium in general, lymphatic tissue and the CSF may also play roles in SARS-CoV-2 invasion into the CNS.The article reflects the position held by the Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences regarding the problems and prospects of the socio-economic, scientific, and technological development of Siberia and the directions of strengthening its positions in the world and Russian space. The main development problems of Siberia and the Siberian Federal District are identified, taking into account modern challenges and threats. It is shown that the recovery of the Siberian economy as a whole and the regions of the Siberian Federal District, in particular, should be based on a significant increase in investment activity at all levels macroregional, regional, and municipal. Proposals are made on a package of new Siberian investment projects with a focus on "embedding" Siberia in high-tech niches of the Russian and world economies, as well as on a system of priority measures that should be taken at the national, interregional, and regional levels.In anticipation of the impending crisis, the article considers two branches of anticrisis measures 1) the creation of an economic structure that ensures the accelerated growth of small and medium-sized enterprises, the products of which can partially offset the loss of income from the export of hydrocarbons due to import substitution and export of manufacturing goods and services; 2) social protection of the poorest segments of the population from the possible increase in unemployment and poverty.