Bullardeliasen3381

AIMS Heart failure (HF) ensuing myocardial infarction (MI) is characterized by the initiation of a systemic inflammatory response. We aimed to elucidate the impact of myelomonocytic cells and their activation by angiotensin II on vascular endothelial function in a mouse model of HF after MI. METHODS AND RESULTS HF was induced in male C57BL/6J mice by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Compared to sham, HF mice had significantly impaired endothelial function accompanied by enhanced mobilization of Sca-1+c-Kit+ hematopoietic stem cells and Sca-1-c-Kit+ common myeloid and granulocyte-macrophage progenitors in the bone marrow as well as increased vascular infiltration of CD11b+Ly6G-Ly6Chigh monocytes and accumulation of CD11b+ F4/80+ macrophages, assessed by flow cytometry. Using mice with Cre-inducible expression of diphtheria toxin receptor in myeloid cells, we selectively depleted lysozyme M+ myelomonocytic cells for 10 d starting 28d after MI. While the cardiac phenotype remaicom.BACKGROUND Red and processed meat, recognized carcinogens, are risk factors for colorectal neoplasia, including polyps, the precursor for colorectal cancer. The mechanism is unclear. One possible explanation is the mutagenic activity of these foods, perhaps due to generation during cooking [e.g., heterocyclic amine (HCA) intake]. Few studies have evaluated meat intake and sessile serrated lesion (SSL) risk, a recently recognized precursor, and no study has evaluated meat cooking methods and meat-derived mutagens with SSL risk. OBJECTIVE We evaluated intakes of meat, meat cooking methods, and inferred meat mutagens with SSL risk and in comparison to risk of other polyps. METHODS Meat, well-done meat, and inferred meat mutagen intakes were evaluated. Polytomous logistic regression models were used to estimate ORs and 95% CIs among cases (556 hyperplastic polyp, 1753 adenoma, and 208 SSL) and controls (3804) in the large colonoscopy-based, case-control study, the Tennessee Colorectal Polyp Study. NPD4928 datasheet RESULTS The highest quartile intakes of red meat (OR 2.38; 95% CI 1.44, 3.93), processed meat (OR 2.03; 95% CI 1.30, 3.17), well-done red meat (OR 2.19; 95% CI 1.34, 3.60), and the HCA 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQX; OR 2.48; 95% CI 1.49, 4.16) were associated with increased risk of SSLs in comparison to the lowest quartile intake. CONCLUSIONS High intakes of red and processed meats are strongly and especially associated with SSL risk and part of the association may be due to HCA intake. Future studies should evaluate other mechanism(s) and the potential for primary prevention. Copyright © The Author(s) 2020.AIMS Diabetes is a known risk factor for coronary artery disease. There is accumulating evidence that coronary artery disease pathogenesis differs for individuals with type 1 diabetes. However, the genetic background has not been extensively studied. We aimed to discover genetic loci increasing coronary artery disease susceptibility especially in type 1 diabetes, to examine the function of these discoveries and to study the role of the known risk loci in type 1 diabetes. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed the largest genome-wide association study to date for coronary artery disease in type 1 diabetes, comprising 4869 individuals with type 1 diabetes (cases/controls 941/3928). Two loci reached genome-wide significance, rs1970112 in CDKN2B-AS1 (OR = 1.32, p=1.50 × 10-8), and rs6055069 on DEFB127 promoter (OR = 4.17, p=2.35 × 10-9), with consistent results in survival analysis. The CDKN2B-AS1 variant replicated (p=0.04) when adjusted for diabetic kidney disease in three additional type 1 diabetes cohorts (cases/colthough pending on future confirmation. TRANSLATIONAL PERSPECTIVE Genetic association studies enable the discovery of novel genes and genetic pathways associated with the disease. Thus, this study provides an insight into coronary artery disease mechanisms specific to type 1 diabetes. The DEFB127 discovery may lead to a therapeutic target and improve patient care, if replicated in the future. Furthermore, genetic studies on coronary artery disease in type 1 diabetes are required for accurate personalized treatment plans achieved through genetic data for those with type 1 diabetes. Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author(s) 2020. For permissions please email journals.permissions@oup.com.As nanotechnologies advance into clinical medicine, novel methods for applying nanomedicine to cardiovascular diseases are emerging. Extensive research has been undertaken to unlock the complex pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. However, this complexity presents challenges to develop effective imaging and therapeutic modalities for early diagnosis and acute intervention. The choice of ligand-receptor system vastly influences the effectiveness of nanomedicine. This review collates current ligand-receptor systems used in targeting functionalised nanoparticles for diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis. Our focus is on the binding affinity and selectivity of ligand-receptor systems, as well as the relative abundance of targets throughout the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Antibody-based targeting systems are currently the most commonly researched due to their high binding affinities when compared to other ligands, such as antibody fragments, peptides, and other small molecules. However, antibodies tend to be immunogenic due to their size. Engineering antibody fragments can address this issue but will compromise their binding affinity. Peptides are promising ligands due to their synthetic flexibility and low production costs. Alongside the aforementioned binding affinity of ligands, the choice of target and its abundance throughout distinct stages of atherosclerosis and thrombosis is relevant to the intended purpose of the nanomedicine. Further studies to investigate the components of atherosclerotic plaques are required as their cellular and molecular profile shifts over time. Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author(s) 2020. For permissions please email journals.permissions@oup.com.